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Bio > Chapter 5 The Human Tissues > Flashcards

Chapter 5 The Human Tissues Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Tissue

A

Collection of cells that function together to carry out specialized activities

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2
Q

Tissues can be:

A

Solid -bone
Semi solid -adipose tissue
Liquid -blood

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3
Q

Histology

A

Science of the study of tissues

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4
Q

Pathologist

A

Specialize in studies of cells and tissues

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5
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs and forms glands

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6
Q

Connective tissue

A

Protects and supports the body and organs

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7
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Generates physical force to make the body move, maintain posture, move substances and produce heat

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8
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Detects change in conditions inside and outside the body and responds by generated nerve signals to maintain homeostasis

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9
Q

Cellularity

A

Epithelia are composed of cells closely bound together with cell junctions, cells are tightly packed with extracellular material

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10
Q

How are epithelial cells arranged?

A

In sheets, in either single or multiple layers

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11
Q

Apical surface

A

Exposed surface that faces the body surface, a body cavity, a duct receiving secretions or an internal organ

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12
Q

Basal surface

A

Attached surface attached to underlying tissue

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13
Q

Basement membrane

A

Base of an epithelium, a thin extracellular layer

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14
Q

Avascularity

A

Without blood.
The exchange of materials between epithelium and adjacent connective tissue is by diffusion

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15
Q

Functions of epithelial tissues

A

-protect deeper tissues from injury and infection
-produce and release chemical secretions
-excrete waste
-absorb chemicals and nutrients
-sense stimuli
-filter substances

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16
Q

Epithelial tissues are categorized based on two features:

A

Number of cells
Shape of cells in the uppermost layer

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17
Q

Simple=

A

One layer of cells

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18
Q

Stratified=

A

More than one layer of cells

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19
Q

Pseudostratified=

A

Looks multilayered but all cells touch the basement membrane

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20
Q

Simple squamous

A

-permits rapid diffusion or transport of substances
Located: alveoli, glomeruli, endothelium, serosa

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21
Q

Simple cuboidal

A

-absorption and secretion, mucus production and movement
Located: liver, thyroid, mammary and salivary glands, bronchioles, kidney

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22
Q

Simple columnar

A

-absorption and secretion
-secretion of mucus
Located: uterus, GI tract, kidney, uterine tubes

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23
Q

Stratified kerantized squamous

A

Resists absorption
Located: epidermis, palms and soles

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24
Q

Non kerantized stratified squamous

A

Resists absorption
Located: tongue, oracl mucosa, vagina, esophagus

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25
Q

Stratified cuboidal

A

Secretes sweat, produces sperm, produces hormones
Located: sweat gland ducts, ovarian follicles, seminiferous tubules

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26
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

Surface cells change shape from round to flat when stretched
-allows for filling or urinary tract
Located: ureter and bladder

27
Q

Types of cellular junctions

A

-tight junction
-desmosome
-gab junction

28
Q

Cell junction

A

When a cell membrane contacts another cells membrane. They get held together by cell junctions

29
Q

Tight junctions

A

Two cells membranes are fused together with strips of proteins

30
Q

Gap junction

A

Join two cells together but leave a little gab that joins the cytoplasms together

31
Q

Desmosomes

A

Connections made of trans membrane proteins that are connected to the cells cytoskeleton

32
Q

Basal lamina

A

The layer closest to the basal surface of the epithelial cells, it’s made of collagen fibers

33
Q

Reticular lamina

A

Layer deep to the basal lamina, contains structural proteins and reticular fibers

34
Q

Basement membrane functions

A

-attach epithelial tissue to connective tissue
-guide cells during growth and repair
-acts as a barrier
-acts as a filter

35
Q

Gland

A

Consist of a group of cells that secrete substances into ducts onto surface or into the blood

36
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Secretions are released into the interstitial fluid and diffuse directly into bloodstream
-hormones

37
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Secretions are released into ducts that empty onto the surface of a lining epithelium

38
Q

Connective tissues

A

Most widely and abundant distributed tissue in the body

39
Q

Three basic elements of connective tissue

A

Cells, fibers, ground substance

40
Q

Blast type cells

A

Cells that retain ability to divide and produce matrix

41
Q

Ctye type cells

A

Cells that have reduced ability to produce matrix and divide
They maintain the matrix

42
Q

Collagen fibers

A

Very tight and resistant to stretching, found in:
Bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons

43
Q

Reticular fibers

A

Provide support in walls of Blood vessels and form a strong network around adipose cells, nerve fibers,skeletal and smooth muscle fibers

44
Q

Elastic fibers

A

Provide strength and stretching capacity, found in: skin, blood vessels, lungs

45
Q

Ground substance

A

Contains water and large molecules, supports exchange of materials between the blood and cells

46
Q

Matrix tends to

A

Prevent tissue cells from touching one another

47
Q

Functions of connective tissues

A

-connect organs
-support
-physical protection
-movement
-storage
-transport
-heat production
-immune protection

48
Q

Regeneration

A

Replacement of dead or damaged cells by the same type of cell as before

49
Q

Fibrosis

A

Replacement of damaged cells with scar tissue

50
Q

Areolar tissue

A

Loosely organized fibers
Pathway for nerves and blood vessels

51
Q

Reticular fibers

A

Mesh of reticular fibers and fibroblasts
Forms support
Found in: lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and bone marrow

52
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Empty looking cells with thin margins
Energy storage, insulation and cushioning

53
Q

Dense regular connective tissue

A

Densely packed collagen fibers and elastic tissues in waves
Holds bones together

54
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue

A

Densely packed randomly arranged collagen fibers
Withstands stress
Located: deeper layer of skin, capsules around organs

55
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Clear glassy appearance
Eases joint movement, holds airway open, moves vocal cords
Located: in cartilage, trachea, larynx, fetal skeleton

56
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Provides flexible elastic support
Located: external ear and epiglottis

57
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Contains large bundles of collagen fibers
Absorbed shock
Located: pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs

58
Q

Compact bone

A

Blood vessels and nerves travel through central canal

59
Q

Blood

A

Fluid connective tissue
Transports cells and dissolved matter from place to place

60
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Specialized for communication by electrical and chemical signals
Respond to stimuli

61
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue

A

Limited to heart wall
Short with one central nucleus

62
Q

Smooth muscle tissue

A

Making up parts of walls or hollow organs
Involuntary function

63
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue

A

Made of muscle fibers
Attach to bone
Voluntary

Bio (12 decks)

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