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Chapter 5 The Human Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Tissue

A

Collection of cells that function together to carry out specialized activities

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2
Q

Tissues can be:

A

Solid -bone
Semi solid -adipose tissue
Liquid -blood

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3
Q

Histology

A

Science of the study of tissues

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4
Q

Pathologist

A

Specialize in studies of cells and tissues

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5
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs and forms glands

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6
Q

Connective tissue

A

Protects and supports the body and organs

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7
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Generates physical force to make the body move, maintain posture, move substances and produce heat

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8
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Detects change in conditions inside and outside the body and responds by generated nerve signals to maintain homeostasis

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9
Q

Cellularity

A

Epithelia are composed of cells closely bound together with cell junctions, cells are tightly packed with extracellular material

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10
Q

How are epithelial cells arranged?

A

In sheets, in either single or multiple layers

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11
Q

Apical surface

A

Exposed surface that faces the body surface, a body cavity, a duct receiving secretions or an internal organ

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12
Q

Basal surface

A

Attached surface attached to underlying tissue

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13
Q

Basement membrane

A

Base of an epithelium, a thin extracellular layer

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14
Q

Avascularity

A

Without blood.
The exchange of materials between epithelium and adjacent connective tissue is by diffusion

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15
Q

Functions of epithelial tissues

A

-protect deeper tissues from injury and infection
-produce and release chemical secretions
-excrete waste
-absorb chemicals and nutrients
-sense stimuli
-filter substances

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16
Q

Epithelial tissues are categorized based on two features:

A

Number of cells
Shape of cells in the uppermost layer

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17
Q

Simple=

A

One layer of cells

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18
Q

Stratified=

A

More than one layer of cells

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19
Q

Pseudostratified=

A

Looks multilayered but all cells touch the basement membrane

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20
Q

Simple squamous

A

-permits rapid diffusion or transport of substances
Located: alveoli, glomeruli, endothelium, serosa

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21
Q

Simple cuboidal

A

-absorption and secretion, mucus production and movement
Located: liver, thyroid, mammary and salivary glands, bronchioles, kidney

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22
Q

Simple columnar

A

-absorption and secretion
-secretion of mucus
Located: uterus, GI tract, kidney, uterine tubes

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23
Q

Stratified kerantized squamous

A

Resists absorption
Located: epidermis, palms and soles

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24
Q

Non kerantized stratified squamous

A

Resists absorption
Located: tongue, oracl mucosa, vagina, esophagus

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25
Stratified cuboidal
Secretes sweat, produces sperm, produces hormones Located: sweat gland ducts, ovarian follicles, seminiferous tubules
26
Transitional epithelium
Surface cells change shape from round to flat when stretched -allows for filling or urinary tract Located: ureter and bladder
27
Types of cellular junctions
-tight junction -desmosome -gab junction
28
Cell junction
When a cell membrane contacts another cells membrane. They get held together by cell junctions
29
Tight junctions
Two cells membranes are fused together with strips of proteins
30
Gap junction
Join two cells together but leave a little gab that joins the cytoplasms together
31
Desmosomes
Connections made of trans membrane proteins that are connected to the cells cytoskeleton
32
Basal lamina
The layer closest to the basal surface of the epithelial cells, it’s made of collagen fibers
33
Reticular lamina
Layer deep to the basal lamina, contains structural proteins and reticular fibers
34
Basement membrane functions
-attach epithelial tissue to connective tissue -guide cells during growth and repair -acts as a barrier -acts as a filter
35
Gland
Consist of a group of cells that secrete substances into ducts onto surface or into the blood
36
Endocrine glands
Secretions are released into the interstitial fluid and diffuse directly into bloodstream -hormones
37
Exocrine glands
Secretions are released into ducts that empty onto the surface of a lining epithelium
38
Connective tissues
Most widely and abundant distributed tissue in the body
39
Three basic elements of connective tissue
Cells, fibers, ground substance
40
Blast type cells
Cells that retain ability to divide and produce matrix
41
Ctye type cells
Cells that have reduced ability to produce matrix and divide They maintain the matrix
42
Collagen fibers
Very tight and resistant to stretching, found in: Bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons
43
Reticular fibers
Provide support in walls of Blood vessels and form a strong network around adipose cells, nerve fibers,skeletal and smooth muscle fibers
44
Elastic fibers
Provide strength and stretching capacity, found in: skin, blood vessels, lungs
45
Ground substance
Contains water and large molecules, supports exchange of materials between the blood and cells
46
Matrix tends to
Prevent tissue cells from touching one another
47
Functions of connective tissues
-connect organs -support -physical protection -movement -storage -transport -heat production -immune protection
48
Regeneration
Replacement of dead or damaged cells by the same type of cell as before
49
Fibrosis
Replacement of damaged cells with scar tissue
50
Areolar tissue
Loosely organized fibers Pathway for nerves and blood vessels
51
Reticular fibers
Mesh of reticular fibers and fibroblasts Forms support Found in: lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and bone marrow
52
Adipose tissue
Empty looking cells with thin margins Energy storage, insulation and cushioning
53
Dense regular connective tissue
Densely packed collagen fibers and elastic tissues in waves Holds bones together
54
Dense irregular connective tissue
Densely packed randomly arranged collagen fibers Withstands stress Located: deeper layer of skin, capsules around organs
55
Hyaline cartilage
Clear glassy appearance Eases joint movement, holds airway open, moves vocal cords Located: in cartilage, trachea, larynx, fetal skeleton
56
Elastic cartilage
Provides flexible elastic support Located: external ear and epiglottis
57
Fibrocartilage
Contains large bundles of collagen fibers Absorbed shock Located: pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs
58
Compact bone
Blood vessels and nerves travel through central canal
59
Blood
Fluid connective tissue Transports cells and dissolved matter from place to place
60
Nervous tissue
Specialized for communication by electrical and chemical signals Respond to stimuli
61
Cardiac muscle tissue
Limited to heart wall Short with one central nucleus
62
Smooth muscle tissue
Making up parts of walls or hollow organs Involuntary function
63
Skeletal muscle tissue
Made of muscle fibers Attach to bone Voluntary

Bio (31 decks)

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