12.5

Question 1

Acetylcholine

Answer 1

Neurotransmitter
Formed from acetic acid

Question 2

Amino acid neurotransmitters

Answer 2

GABA

Question 3

Monoamines neurotransmitters

Answer 3

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine

Question 4

Neuropeptides neurotransmitters

Answer 4

Chains of amino acids
Cholecystokinin

Question 5

Gas neurotransmitters

Answer 5

NO, CO
Synthesized as needed
Diffuse out of axon terminal
Diffuse into the postsynaptic neuron

Question 6

Excitatory ACh synapse

Answer 6

1. Action potential opens CA2+ channel
2. Ca2+ triggers release of ACh
   3.ACh diffuses binds to receptors
   4.ACh opens NA+ and K+ channels
3. Entry of Na+ causes depolarization that spreads to trigger zone up to threshold

Question 7

Inhibitory GABA synapse

Answer 7

1. Action potential triggers release of GABA into synaptic cleft
2. GABA receptors are Cl channels
3. Cl hyperpolarizes postynapic cleft

Question 8

Excitatory Adrenergic synapse

Answer 8

-binds to G-protein coupled receptors on postynaptic membrane
-activates second messanger system
-slower to respond

Question 9

To end a signal

Answer 9

-presynaptic cell stops releasing neurotransmitter
-neurotransmitter already in synapse is cleared

Question 10

Different clearances of neurotransmitter

Answer 10

1.Degradation-enzyme breakdown
2. Reuptake -reabsorbed into axon terminal Diffuse
3. Diffusion-diffuse away from synapse into nearby ECF

Question 11

Neuromodulators

Answer 11

Chemicals secreted by neurons that have long term modulatory effects on group of neurons
Ex) NO