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Bio > Chapt 7 Bone Tissue > Flashcards

Chapt 7 Bone Tissue Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Five basic functions of skeleton

A
  1. Support
  2. Storage
  3. Blood cell formation (hemopoisis)
  4. Protection
  5. Leverage
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2
Q

Diaphysis

A

Tubular shaft of the bone
-walls consist of a layer of solid compact bone

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3
Q

Epiphyses

A

Extended areas at ends of bone
-consists mostly of spongy bone covered in thin layer of compact bone

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4
Q

What’s inside the spaces of spongy bone

A

Red marrow

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5
Q

Metaphyses

A

Areas in between the epiphyses and diaphysis
-represents areas where a long bone can grow in length

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6
Q

Marrow cavity

A

The space within diaphysis that contains yellow marrow in adult long bones

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7
Q

Periosteum

A

Connective tissue covering the surface of the bone
-contains bone forming cells that allow bones to grow in diameter or thickness (osteoprogenitor)
-protects bone

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8
Q

Endosteum

A

Lining of marrow cavity which contains some bone forming cells and some connective tissue

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9
Q

Articular cartilage

A

At ends of long bone, cartilage reduces friction and absorbs shock at the joints

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10
Q

What is bone tissue

A

Supportive connective tissue containing specialized cells and is surrounded by extracellular fluid

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11
Q

What is the bone matrix composed of

A

33% collagen fibers
67% inorganic components (mostly calcium salts)

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12
Q

Calcium salts are mainly:

A

Hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate)

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13
Q

Calcification

A

Process of bone hardening:
Salts are deposited on framework of collagen fibers and crystallize

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14
Q

Osteoprogenitor (osteogenic) cells

A

Unspeciallized stem cells of bone tissue
-it divides to form another stem cell and an osteoblast as daughter cells

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15
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Cells responsible for calcification
-surround themselves in matrix then transform into osteocytes

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16
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells
-no longer secrete matrix
-maintain bone metabolism
-can convert back to osteoblasts or osteoprogenitor if damaged to participate in repair

17
Q

Osteoclast

A

Very large cells that function to remove calcium salts and recycle bone matrix
-release acids and enzymes that digest bone matrix as part as normal growth, repair and mineral homeostasis

18
Q

What does compact bone do?

A

-Makes up most of the diaphysis and lies over spongy bone tissue in the epiphyses
-forms a protective layer and gives bone more support and resistance to stress

19
Q

How is compact bone arranged?

A

In units called osteons with very little space between them, each osteon contains osteocytes arranged in layers around the central canal that contains blood vessels

20
Q

Why can’t compact bone be bent?

A

Because osteons are aligned in the same direction along lines of stress

21
Q

Does spongy bone contain osteons?

A

No it consists of trabeculae

22
Q

Trabeculae

A

Irregular honey comb structure of bone tissue making up spongy bone. Surrounds many red marrow filled spaces

23
Q

Where is spongy bone found?

A

Where bones are not heavily stressed, mostly in short, flat, irregular shaped bones

24
Q

What does spongy bone do?

A

Supports and protects red bone marrow (where blood formation occurs)

25
Q

Ossification

A

Process of bone formation

26
Q

Epiphyseal plates

A

Areas where bones can increase in length under the influence of human growth and sex hormones

27
Q

What bone is the last bone to stop growing

A

Clavicle

28
Q

What happens when growth stops?

A

Epiphyseal plates fade into Epiphyseal lines

29
Q

Bone growth and remodeling at birth to adolescence

A

More bone is produced than is lost through bone resorption

30
Q

Bone growth and remodeling in young adults

A

Rates of bone production and resportion are about the same

31
Q

Bone growth and remodeling at middle age to elderly

A

Bone mass decreases because more bone is resorbed than produced (demineralization)

32
Q

PTH hormone

A

Realeased from parathyroid glands when blood calcium is low

33
Q

PTH hormone acts to:

A
  1. Stimulates osteoclasts
  2. Inhibit osteoblasts
  3. Inhibit excretion of calcium in the kidneys
  4. Stimulate the formation of calcium
34
Q

When is calcitonin released?

A

When blood calcium is too high, released from thyroid gland

35
Q

Calcitonin acts to:

A
  1. Inhibit osteoclasts
  2. Stimulate osteoblasts
36
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Weakening of the bones due to decreased deposition of calcium salts
-common in elderly

37
Q

Why re woman more at risk for getting osteoporosis?

A

-they have less bone mass
-reproduction hormones contribute to bone decomposition

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