Chapter 9 Endocrine System

Question 1

1. Define hormone and target organ

Question 2

2. Explain the effects of prostaglandins

Question 3

3. Explain how various endocrine glands are
   stimulated to release their hormonal products

Question 4

4. Describe the role of negative feedback in
   regulating blood levels of the various
   hormones

Question 5

5. Compare the structure and function of
   endocrine and exocrine glands

Question 6

6. Explain the anatomical and functional relationships between the hypothalamus and
   the pituitary gland, and apply this knowledge
   to maintenance of homeostasis and hormone
   regulation

Question 7

7. Define the term “tropic hormone”.

Question 8

8. Explain how the hypothalamus and pituitary
   gland work together to regulate and control
   the release of tropic hormones, and apply this
   knowledge to maintenance of homeostasis

Question 9

9. Identify and describe the function of the
   hormones produced by the hypothalamus and
   secreted by the posterior pituitary and apply
   this knowledge to maintenance of
   homeostasis

Question 10

10. Identify and describe the hormones
    produced by the anterior pituitary gland,
    describe their effects, and apply this
    knowledge to maintenance of homeostasis.

Question 11

11. Describe the anatomy and function of the
    pineal gland and describe the effect of
    melatonin.

Question 12

12. Describe the anatomy of the thyroid
    gland.

Question 13

13. Identify the hormones secreted by the
    thyroid gland, describe their effects, and apply
    this knowledge to maintenance of
    homeostasis.

Question 14

14. Describe the effects of parathyroid
    hormone produced from the four parathyroid
    glands and apply this knowledge to
    maintenance of homeostasis

Question 15

15. Describe the role of the thyroid gland and
    the parathyroid glands in the regulation of the
    blood calcium level, and apply this knowledge to maintenance of homeostasis

Question 16

16. Identify the location of the thymus gland
    and describe the effect of thymosin

Question 17

17. Describe the anatomy of the adrenal
    glands

Question 18

18. Identify and describe the actions of the
    three categories of adrenocortical hormones,
    and apply this knowledge to maintenance of
    homeostasis and how they are regulated

Question 19

19. Describe the function of the adrenal
    medulla and its relationship to the nervous
    system

Question 20

20. Describe the anatomy of the pancreas

Question 21

21. Identify the two hormones produced by
    the pancreas, describe their effects, and
    apply this knowledge to maintenance of
    homeostasis

Question 22

22. Identify the hormones produced by the
    male and female gonads and describe their
    effects and regulation

Question 23

23. Explain the endocrine role of the kidneys,
    the stomach and intestine, and the heart.

Question 24

24. Describe the impact of aging on the
    anatomy and physiology of the endocrine
    system

Question 25

25. Describe the homeostatic relationship
    between the endocrine system and other
    body systems.

Question 26

Water-soluble hormones bind to __________.

Answer 26

plasma membrane receptors

Question 27

The __________ gland is often referred to as the “master endocrine gland” because it controls the activity of several other endocrine glands.

Answer 27

anterior pituitary gland

Question 28

A hormone that works by direct gene activation must be __________.

Answer 28

lipid soluble

Question 29

Which component of the endocrine system produces the body’s major metabolic hormone?

Answer 29

Thyroid gland

Question 30

Which structure produces the glucocorticoids cortisol and cortisone?

Answer 30

Adrenal cortex

Question 31

What are mixed glands?

Answer 31

Mixed glands have both endocrine and exocrine functions.

Pancreas and testes are mixed glands.

Question 32

The release of which hormone increases at night and decreases during the day?

Answer 32

Melatonin

Question 33

Hypersecretion of __________ in an adult causes acromegaly, a condition in which the bones of the face, hands, and feet enlarge and widen.

Answer 33

growth hormone

Question 34

The hormone that stimulates the contraction of smooth muscle in the uterus is __________.

Answer 34

oxytocin

Question 35

What are endocrine glands?

Answer 35

-produce hormones
-have a rich blood supply
-ductless glands

Question 36

The posterior pituitary stores and releases __________.

Answer 36

oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

Question 37

Which hormone targets the kidney tubules by stimulating the retention of sodium ions and secretion of potassium ions into the urine?

Answer 37

Aldosterone

Question 38

Which hormone is the most important regulator of blood calcium ion levels?

Answer 38

Parathyroid hormone

Question 39

Lack of dietary iodine leads to a goiter, an enlargement of the __________.

Answer 39

thyroid gland

Question 40

The __________ is located in the anterior neck, just inferior to the voice box.

Answer 40

thyroid gland

Question 41

What hormone produced by the placenta loosens pelvic ligaments prior to birth?

Answer 41

Relaxin

Question 42

The adrenal glands are located on the superior surface of the __________.

Answer 42

kidneys