Chapter 4 Flashcards
What are the membrane type and give their location within the body
- Epithelial membranes:
– cutaneous (skin), - mucous (line open cavities),
- serous (line closed cavities)
- Connective tissue membranes – synovial (line joints, synovial fluid)
List and describe the functions of the
integumentary system.
- Protection
- Insulates and cushions
- body temperature
- Excretory system
- makes vitamin D
What kind of tissue types are found in the skin
- Epidermis – stratified squamous epithelial that is hard and tough in many layers
- Dermis – dense irregular connective tissue
- Hypodermis (subcutaneous) tissue - adipose (fat) tissue, anchors the skin to underlying organs
What are the 3 main layers of the skin and what tissue are they made of?
- Epidermis – stratified squamous tissue, first layer of skin, keratin, avascular
- Dermis – dense irregular connective tissue, contains eccrine sweat glands, arrector pili muscle, sebaceous oil gland, hair follicle, hair root, nerve structures
- Hypodermis (subcutaneous) tissue - adipose (fat) tissue, stores nutrients
Name the layers of the epidermis and
describe the characteristics of each laye
- Stratum Corneum – dead cells, outermost layer, 20 – 30 cells thick, shingle-like, makes 3 quarters of epidermis thickness, keratin filled
- Stratum Iucidum – dead cells, clear, found in hairless skin like palms of hands and soles of feet
- Stratum Granulosum – flatter, more keratin
- Stratum Spinosum – flatter, more keratin
- Stratum Basale – deepest layer, closest to dermis, most nourished, makes many new cells, makes melanin
Name the layers of the dermis and
describe the characteristics of each layer
- Papillary layer – superficial dermal region, uneven projections, helps us grip
- Reticular layer – deepest skin layer, dense irregular connective tissue, has blood vessels, sweat and oil glands, and deep pressure receptors
What determines skin colour and do we all have it?
- Melanin is the color pigment produced by cells called melanocytes found in the stratum basale
- Freckles and moles are found where melanin is concentrated
- Melanin can be all different colors from yellow to brown to black
- All humans have melanocytes, but the amount of melanin they produce varies (people with more melanin have darker skin, eyes, and hair)
What are the appendages of the skin
Hair
Nails
Sweat glands
Oil glands
Describe the role the integumentary system
plays in maintaining homeostasis of body
temperature, and apply this knowledge
- Regulates body temperature through radiation and sweating
- We sweat when our internal temperature is too high
- The capillaries of the dermis become large, skin becomes red and warm, and body heat radiates off the surface
- If we are cold, blood bypasses the dermis capillaries allowing internal temperature to stay high
Describe the effects of aging on the skin
-gets thin
-losses elasticity
-oily in our teenage years (acne) and best in out 20s and 30s
Describe the homeostatic relationship
between the integumentary system and other
body systems
- Skin protects all the organs inside the body
- Provides vitamin D
Which glands produce the oily secretion called sebum?
Sebaceous glands which lubricator skin and hair
When do bruises occur?
Blood escapes damaged blood vessels and go into surrounding tissues called hematomas (clotting)
What are lamellar corpuscles?
pressure receptors in the dermis
The type of tissue that makes up most of the dermis is ____________
Dense irregular connective tissue
What type of membrane surrounds each of the lungs?
Serous lines cavity’s that are closed to the exterior
What is the largest body membrane?
Cutaneous membrane - skin
Mitosis occurs in which layer of the epidermis?
Stratum basale
Thin skin is missing the ____________ layer
Stratum lucidum
What are merkel cells and where are they located?
What are epidermal dendritic cells and where are they located?
Merkel cells make us sensitive to touch in the basale layer
EDC help fight infection and are in the stratum spinosum layer
Sebaceous glands are usually associated with
secrete sebum into a hair follicle to lubricate the hair
What are lamellar corpuscles?
Deep pressure sensitive receptors
Do epithelial membranes only have epithelial cells?
No they also have a layer of connective tissue
Is the epidermis avascular?
Yes it has no blood supply
In which layer of the epidermis do cells begin to die?
Stratum lucidum
What layer of skin is the hide or leather?
Dermis
What are the two types of sweat glands?
Eccrine - all over body
Apocrine - armpit and genital yellowish sweat
What causes fingerprints in the skin?
The dermal papillae (bumpy layer of the dermis) (papillary layer)
True or false: unlike other epithelial membranes, the cutaneous membrane is exposed to air and is a dry membrane
True
True or false: the hypodermis is not considered part of the skin
True
Keratinocytes produce ___________ and make the epidermis a _____________ layer
Keratin
Tough and hard layer
We have a totally new epidermis every ____________
25 to 45 days
Sebaceous glands are on the side of ____________
Hair follicles
Serous membranes have __________ and ___________ layers
They also secrete a ___________ fluid, to slide past the organs
Parietal and visceral layers
Lubricating fluid
