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Anatomy > Chapter 12 Lymphatic > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Lymphatic Flashcards

1
Q

White blood cells that engulf and destroy bacteria are called ________

A

Phagocytes

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2
Q

How are lymphatic capillaries different from blood capillaries?

A

-overlap
-have flaplike minivalves
-blind-ended tubes

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3
Q

What is passive immunity?

A

Naturally acquired antibodies passed from mother to child

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4
Q

What is diapedesis?

A

Ability of leukocytes to go anywhere

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5
Q

Which regions of the body contain large clusters of lymph nodes?

A

Cervical
Axillary
Inguinal

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6
Q

What does the spleen do?

A

Cleans blood and removes worn out red blood cells

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7
Q
  1. Explain how the lymphatic system is
    functionally related to the cardiovascular
    system and immune defenses.
A

The lymphatic system carries excess interstitial fluid back to cardiovascular circulation and provides a location for immune cells to monitor the body

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8
Q
  1. Identify and describe the two major types of structures composing the lymphatic system
A
  1. Lymphatic Vessels - transport escaped fluids back to cardivascular system
  2. Lymphatic Tissues and organs - house phagocytes and lymphocytes
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9
Q

What is lymph?
How is it formed?
How is it transported?

A

lymph = clear water that is excess interstitial fluid (excess tissue fluid)

It’s formed when fluid from blood vessels leaks into tissues

Lymphatic vessels (lymphatics) return it to the blood

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10
Q

What are the other lymphoid organs? (5)

How do they protect the body?

A
  1. tonsils
  2. thymus gland
  3. peyers patches
  4. spleen
  5. appendix

They provide a site for lymphocytes

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11
Q

What are the four signs of inflammation?

What is the inflammatory process?

A

The four signs of inflammation are 1.redness,
2. heat
3.pain,
4. swelling (edema)

Inflammatory process:
1. Damaged cells release chemical alarm - histamine or kinins
2. Blood vessels dilate
3. capillaries get leaky
4. Positive chemotaxis attracts white blood cells to area

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12
Q
  1. Explain how innate and adaptive defense
    mechanisms differ in providing immunity/immune function
A

-Innate immunity - fast, non-specific, We are born with these defences (ex. mucous membranes)

-Adaptive immunity is slower, very specific, and remembers invaders for quicker future responses. Fight invaders that get past innate immunity.

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13
Q
  1. Describe the impact of aging on the lymphatic system
A

-lymphatic tissue peaks at puberty then shrinks with age

-after puberty the thymus gland is replaced by connective tissue defence diminishes

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14
Q
  1. Describe the homeostatic relationship between the lymphatic system and other body systems.
A

-Lymphatic vessels pick up leaked
fluid and proteins from different systems
-Immune cells protect organs from specific
pathogens

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15
Q

which way does lymph flow?

A

only towards the heart

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16
Q

What anatomical characteristic ensures that lymph flows through the lymph nodes slowly?

A

The many afferent pathways entering the node and less efferent vessels leaving the node at the hilum.

17
Q

Which lymphoid organ gets rid of aged red blood cells?

A

the spleen

18
Q

Which lymphoid organs are involved in MALT? What do they do?

A

-appendix
-Peyers patches
-tonsils
Protect respiratory and digestive tracts from the foreign substances entering mucous surfaces

19
Q

How do the innate and adaptive defenses differ?

A

We are born with our innate defences. Fast working.

Adaptive defences fight invaders that get past innate defences by mounting an attack against a specific substance. Slow working.

20
Q

What are the four common indicators of
inflammation?

A

-Redness
-heat
-swelling (edema)
-pain

21
Q

What are lymph nodes?

A

Places along lymphatic vessels where lymphocytes monitor and check lymph for foreign particles

22
Q

How much fluid gets left behind in tissue spaces?

A

As much as half our blood supply - 3L daily

23
Q

When fluid accumulates in the tissues, we call this swelling _____________

A

Edema

24
Q

Where would you find lymph capillaries?

A

Weaved between blood capillaries and tissue

25
Q

How do lymph capillaries minivalves open and shut?

A

The flaps open when there’s high pressure outside in interstitial space and fluid enters

When pressure is higher inside the flap closes

26
Q

True or false: lymph travels in the lymphatic system the same way venous blood does

What are these 3 ways?

What is one additional way lymph has?

A

True

  1. Valves
  2. Skeletal muscles milking vessels
  3. Respiratory pump

The larger lymphatics pump with smooth muscle in their walls

27
Q

Where does lymph get returned to the circulatory system?

What veins does it drain into?

A
  1. Right lymphatic duct - right arm, right side of head and thorax
  2. Thoracic duct - rest of the body

Right and left subclavian vein

28
Q

What are macrophages?

A

Cells in lymph nodes that destroy bacteria and viruses

29
Q

What two immune cells can you find in lymph nodes?

A

Lymphocytes and macrophages

30
Q

In a lymph node, why are many afferent pathways feeding it a few efferent pathways draining it?

A

So the flow of lymph is slow and gives time to lymphocytes and macrophages to check it all out

31
Q

What is the first, second, and third line of defense?

Which ones are innate and adaptive (specific) defence mechanisms?

A

First- skin, mucous membranes , skin secretions

Second - phagocytes, natural killer cells, inflammatory response, fever

Third - lymphocytes, antibodies, macrophages

First and second are innate (nonspecific) and third is adaptive (specific)

32
Q

What are the most important immune cells?

Which ones play a role in both innate and adaptive defense mechanisms?

A

Lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells

Macrophages

33
Q

True or false: the adaptive system must first meet and “remember” a foreign substance before it can protect the body against it

A

True

34
Q

True or false: although difference in speed - innate and adaptive defences work hand in hand to protect the body

A

True

35
Q

Innate and adaptive defences are part of our ___________ system

A

Immune

Anatomy (12 decks)

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