Chapter 12 Lymphatic Flashcards
White blood cells that engulf and destroy bacteria are called ________
Phagocytes
How are lymphatic capillaries different from blood capillaries?
-overlap
-have flaplike minivalves
-blind-ended tubes
What is passive immunity?
Naturally acquired antibodies passed from mother to child
What is diapedesis?
Ability of leukocytes to go anywhere
Which regions of the body contain large clusters of lymph nodes?
Cervical
Axillary
Inguinal
What does the spleen do?
Cleans blood and removes worn out red blood cells
- Explain how the lymphatic system is
functionally related to the cardiovascular
system and immune defenses.
The lymphatic system carries excess interstitial fluid back to cardiovascular circulation and provides a location for immune cells to monitor the body
- Identify and describe the two major types of structures composing the lymphatic system
- Lymphatic Vessels - transport escaped fluids back to cardivascular system
- Lymphatic Tissues and organs - house phagocytes and lymphocytes
What is lymph?
How is it formed?
How is it transported?
lymph = clear water that is excess interstitial fluid (excess tissue fluid)
It’s formed when fluid from blood vessels leaks into tissues
Lymphatic vessels (lymphatics) return it to the blood
What are the other lymphoid organs? (5)
How do they protect the body?
- tonsils
- thymus gland
- peyers patches
- spleen
- appendix
They provide a site for lymphocytes
What are the four signs of inflammation?
What is the inflammatory process?
The four signs of inflammation are 1.redness,
2. heat
3.pain,
4. swelling (edema)
Inflammatory process:
1. Damaged cells release chemical alarm - histamine or kinins
2. Blood vessels dilate
3. capillaries get leaky
4. Positive chemotaxis attracts white blood cells to area
- Explain how innate and adaptive defense
mechanisms differ in providing immunity/immune function
-Innate immunity - fast, non-specific, We are born with these defences (ex. mucous membranes)
-Adaptive immunity is slower, very specific, and remembers invaders for quicker future responses. Fight invaders that get past innate immunity.
- Describe the impact of aging on the lymphatic system
-lymphatic tissue peaks at puberty then shrinks with age
-after puberty the thymus gland is replaced by connective tissue defence diminishes
- Describe the homeostatic relationship between the lymphatic system and other body systems.
-Lymphatic vessels pick up leaked
fluid and proteins from different systems
-Immune cells protect organs from specific
pathogens
which way does lymph flow?
only towards the heart
What anatomical characteristic ensures that lymph flows through the lymph nodes slowly?
The many afferent pathways entering the node and less efferent vessels leaving the node at the hilum.
Which lymphoid organ gets rid of aged red blood cells?
the spleen
Which lymphoid organs are involved in MALT? What do they do?
-appendix
-Peyers patches
-tonsils
Protect respiratory and digestive tracts from the foreign substances entering mucous surfaces
How do the innate and adaptive defenses differ?
We are born with our innate defences. Fast working.
Adaptive defences fight invaders that get past innate defences by mounting an attack against a specific substance. Slow working.
What are the four common indicators of
inflammation?
-Redness
-heat
-swelling (edema)
-pain
What are lymph nodes?
Places along lymphatic vessels where lymphocytes monitor and check lymph for foreign particles
How much fluid gets left behind in tissue spaces?
As much as half our blood supply - 3L daily
When fluid accumulates in the tissues, we call this swelling _____________
Edema
Where would you find lymph capillaries?
Weaved between blood capillaries and tissue
How do lymph capillaries minivalves open and shut?
The flaps open when there’s high pressure outside in interstitial space and fluid enters
When pressure is higher inside the flap closes
True or false: lymph travels in the lymphatic system the same way venous blood does
What are these 3 ways?
What is one additional way lymph has?
True
- Valves
- Skeletal muscles milking vessels
- Respiratory pump
The larger lymphatics pump with smooth muscle in their walls
Where does lymph get returned to the circulatory system?
What veins does it drain into?
- Right lymphatic duct - right arm, right side of head and thorax
- Thoracic duct - rest of the body
Right and left subclavian vein
What are macrophages?
Cells in lymph nodes that destroy bacteria and viruses
What two immune cells can you find in lymph nodes?
Lymphocytes and macrophages
In a lymph node, why are many afferent pathways feeding it a few efferent pathways draining it?
So the flow of lymph is slow and gives time to lymphocytes and macrophages to check it all out
What is the first, second, and third line of defense?
Which ones are innate and adaptive (specific) defence mechanisms?
First- skin, mucous membranes , skin secretions
Second - phagocytes, natural killer cells, inflammatory response, fever
Third - lymphocytes, antibodies, macrophages
First and second are innate (nonspecific) and third is adaptive (specific)
What are the most important immune cells?
Which ones play a role in both innate and adaptive defense mechanisms?
Lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells
Macrophages
True or false: the adaptive system must first meet and “remember” a foreign substance before it can protect the body against it
True
True or false: although difference in speed - innate and adaptive defences work hand in hand to protect the body
True
Innate and adaptive defences are part of our ___________ system
Immune
