Chapter 9 Alcohol Flashcards
1 According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, how many standard drinks per day are recommended for females to ensure that alcohol consumption is moderate?
Three
Four
Two
One
One
2 How is high-risk drinking categorized for males?
2 or more standard drinks per day or 10 or more drinks per week
5 or more standard drinks per day or 15 or more drinks per week
8 or more standard drinks per day or 18 or more drinks per week
4 or more standard drinks per day or 8 or more drinks per week
5 or more standard drinks per day or 15 or more drinks per week
3 A new client likes to consume large amounts of alcohol on a regular basis but he has a weight-loss health goal. What should the Nutrition Coach advise him in regard to his energy intake?
Focus on getting the right balance of macronutrients before worrying about alcohol.
Increase exercise frequency to account for the excess energy provided by alcohol.
Reduce the intake of other macronutrients to accommodate energy from alcohol.
Reduce energy intake by limiting alcohol consumption.
Reduce energy intake by limiting alcohol consumption.
4 How much alcohol is recommended as safe for women who are pregnant?
2 standard drinks
1 standard drink
Zero alcohol
3 standard drinks
Zero alcohol
5 Why is breath alcohol level used as a measure of intoxication?
Because a small amount of ethanol stays in the mouth after being consumed
Because ethanol in the blood flowing to the mouth and head is excreted through the tissue inside the mouth
Because the end products of alcohol metabolism are excreted in the breath and can be measured by a breathalyzer
Because small amounts of ethanol are excreted in the breath
Because small amounts of ethanol are excreted in the breath
6 Ethanol is ultimately metabolized to produce ATP and what other substances?
Acetyl-CoA and NADH
Carbon dioxide and water
Oxygen and water
Pyruvate and hydrogen peroxide
Carbon dioxide and water
7 When monitoring how much alcohol one consumes in a session, why is simply counting the number of drinks consumed not enough?
All alcoholic drinks have the same amount of alcohol in them.
Ethanol is metabolized differently depending on what mixer is used.
Alcoholic drinks come in different sizes and strengths so they may contain more than one standard drink.
All alcoholic drinks are served in the same volume.
Alcoholic drinks come in different sizes and strengths so they may contain more than one standard drink.
8 What effect can regular consumption of high levels of alcohol have on an individual’s health?
Brings about positive health benefits
Increases the risk of a large number of diseases
Improves the health of males more than females
Has no effect on health
Increases the risk of a large number of diseases
10 What is ethanol’s function in the body?
It has no function; it is a toxin.
It improves cognitive function and acts as a stimulant.
It provides important vitamins and minerals.
It provides energy, like the other macronutrients.
It has no function; it is a toxin.
11 Based on research, which group of college athletes is more likely to regularly consume alcohol at hazardous levels?
All athletes are equally likely to consume hazardous levels of alcohol.
Intercollegiate athletes
Athletes from individual sports
Intramural/club athletes
Intramural/club athletes
13 Which product of ethanol metabolism disrupts fatty acid oxidation in peripheral tissues?
Acetaldehyde
Acetyl-CoA
Acetate
NADH
Acetate
14 What effect can reduced pyruvate from alcohol metabolism have if liver glycogen is low?
Severe hypoglycemia
Fatty liver disease
Cancer of the liver
Fatty acid accumulation
Severe hypoglycemia
15 For males, high levels of ethanol consumption are closely associated with what?
Improved muscle mass
High lean-body mass
Excess belly fat
Low body mass index
Excess belly fat
16 What acute effect does drinking alcohol have on the heart?
Decreases right ventricle contractility and increases heart rate
Increases left ventricle contractility and decreases heart rate
Decreases left ventricle contractility and increases heart rate
Does not effect the heart
Decreases left ventricle contractility and increases heart rate
17 An alcohol-related reduction in which hormone can lead to muscle loss?
Testosterone
Insulin
Estrogen
Cortisol
Testosterone
18 What is the risk associated with drinking alcohol in cold environments?
Hyponatremia
Hyperthermia
Hypothermia
Vasodilation
Hypothermia
19 Why are females more susceptible to the effects of alcohol?
Ethanol metabolism by the liver in females is less effective than males.
They have less body water than males, so alcohol is more concentrated in the tissues it enters.
Females eat less food, so ethanol is absorbed faster than in males.
Females prefer to drink wine and spirits, which are high in alcohol content.
They have less body water than males, so alcohol is more concentrated in the tissues it enters.
20 What are the likely effects of consuming alcohol prior to going to sleep?
Increased non-REM sleep and decreased growth hormone secretion
No change to sleep patterns or hormone secretion
Increase in REM sleep and increase in growth hormone secretion
Decreased non-REM sleep and decreased growth hormone secretion
Increased non-REM sleep and decreased growth hormone secretion
21 After exercise, when should alcohol be consumed?
Alcohol can be consumed after rehydrating and consuming carbohydrates and protein.
An individual should wait at least four hours after exercise to consume alcohol.
Alcohol should never be consumed after exercise.
Alcohol should only be consumed after resistance exercise.
Alcohol can be consumed after rehydrating and consuming carbohydrates and protein.
23 Flushing of the skin after consuming alcohol is typically associated with which deficiency?
Alcohol dehydrogenase deficiency
Acetyl-CoA synthetase deficiency
Lactate dehydrogenase deficiency
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency
25 After consuming alcohol, how much of the absorbed ethanol is metabolized in the liver?
80%
90%
70%
100%
90%
26 Approximately how much ethanol is metabolized per hour?
7 grams
10 grams
2 grams
14 grams
7 grams
28 Alcoholics often suffer from structural and functional damage to their brain as a result of a deficiency in which vitamin?
Vitamin C
Riboflavin
Thiamine
Niacin
Thiamine
29 According to the USAUDIT-C, harmful alcohol consumption is indicated by scoring above which of the following thresholds?
4 for males and 3 for females
7 for males and 5 for females
3 for males and 2 for females
8 for males and 6 for females
7 for males and 5 for females
30 How many questions are there in the USAUDIT-C questionnaire?
1
2
4
3
3
31 Which intermediate substrate in the processing of ethanol is highly toxic and must be metabolized rapidly and preferentially above all other macronutrients?
Acetate
Acetaldehyde
ALDH2
NADH
Acetaldehyde
32
33 What enzyme, that is responsible for the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide, indirectly contributes to ethanol metabolism?
Protease
Catalase
Salivary amylase
Creatine kinase
Catalase
34 Based on the U.S. style eating pattern, how much energy should come from discretionary sources?
5%
8%
14%
18%
14%
