Chapter 22 Nutrition Hot Topics And Controversies Flashcards
1 The greatest concern of consumers of organic foods is the perception that organic foods are which of the following?
Socially accepted
Environmentally friendly
Healthy
Economically beneficial
Healthy
2 What is the primary difference between conventional and organic agriculture?
Land use
Type of crop
Pesticide use
Cost of production
Pesticide use
3 What method of pest control is used least in organic agriculture?
Hygiene
Crop rotation
Employing natural pest enemies
Use of pesticides
Use of pesticides
4 Switching from conventional to organic produce significantly reduces biomarkers of pesticide exposure in as little as how many days?
5–7 days
13–15 days
9–11 days
1–3 days
5–7 days
5
6 Organic meat and milk, compared to conventional, contains significantly greater concentrations of what nutrient?
Saturated fatty acids
Monounsaturated fatty acids
Protein
Omega-3 fatty acids
Omega-3 fatty acids
7 Grass-fed or grass-finished cattle are different from organic cattle primarily because of which of the following reasons?
Organic cattle do not eat fresh pasture grass.
Grass-fed or grass-finished cattle have more illnesses.
Organic cattle eat grains during the end of their life.
Grass-fed or grass-finished cattle get more exercise.
Organic cattle eat grains during the end of their life.
8
9
10 Most clients will obtain their information about GMOs from the internet, television, radio, and which of the following?
Peer-reviewed articles
Friends and family
The scientific community
Medical personnel
Friends and family
11
12 What is an example of a direct risk of GMO consumption?
Increased use of pesticides on GMO crops
Reduced spoilage of produce
Expression of allergenic proteins
Increased intake of vitamin A (beta-carotene)
Expression of allergenic proteins
13 eliac disease is best described as which of the following?
Autoimmune condition
Food sensitivity
Allergic reaction
Gluten intolerance
Autoimmune condition
14 Wheat allergy is best described as which of the following?
Food sensitivity
Gluten intolerance
Allergic reaction
Autoimmune condition
Allergic reaction
15 Non-celiac gluten sensitivity is best described as which of the following?
Gluten intolerance
Allergic reaction
Food sensitivity
Autoimmune condition
Food sensitivity
16
17 Gluten increases intestinal permeability by interacting with which one of the following molecules?
Lipopolysaccharide
Butyrate
Zonulin
Lipase
Zonulin
18 Increased translocation of microbial products through the intestinal barrier, an immune response toward lipopolysaccharides, and increased intestinal permeabiity all play a roll in the symptoms of which of the following?
Crohn’s disease
Celiac disease
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity
Irritable bowel syndrome
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity
19
20 High-fructose corn syrup usually contains what percentage of fructose?
45–55%
65–75%
55–65%
75–85%
55–65%
21 Which of the following is produced in the greatest quantity during fructose metabolism?
Fat
Glycogen
Glucose
Lactate
Glucose
22 Which of the following is produced in the lowest quantity during fructose metabolism?
Glycogen
Fatty acids
Lactate
Glucose
Fatty acids
23 What is the reason that most studies researching the health effects of fructose are not relevant?
They use too-low doses of fructose.
They involve unhealthy participants.
They use unrealistic doses of fructose.
They are too short in duration.
They use unrealistic doses of fructose.
24 The average dose of fructose used during controlled trials was greater than the intake of what percentile of Americans?
95%
30%
50%
75%
95%
25 Compared to other carbohydrates, calorie-equated exchange for fructose affects which of the following?
Body weight
Cholesterol levels
Blood lipids
Glycemic control
Glycemic control
26 Along with blood pressure, which of the following may be beneficially affected by calorie-equated exchange for fructose when compared to other carbohydrates?
Glycemic control
Lean mass
Hydration levels
Protein synthesis
Glycemic control
27 How many nonnutritive sweeteners have been approved for use by the FDA?
8
4
2
6
8
28
29 The link between nonnutritive sweeteners and obesity in observational research can be explained by which of the following?
Direct causality
Reverse causality
Statistical manipulation
Publication bias
Reverse causality
30 Nonnutritive sweeteners may be associated with weight gain because of what psychological phenomenon?
Brain activation patterns
Taste preferences
Glycemic control
Satiety signaling
Brain activation patterns
31 Which answer most appropriately describes the effect of consuming nonnutritive sweeteners on appetite and food intake?
Insulin sensitivity
Blood lipids
Blood pressure
Body weight
Insulin sensitivity
32 Toxins and toxicants accumulate in humans primarily within which of the following?
Fat
Skin
Muscle
Blood
Fat
