Chapter 10 Micronutrients Flashcards
1 What differentiates macro- and micronutrients?
The quantity in which they are needed in the diet.
The chemical structure of the nutrient differentiates them.
The metabolic reactions in which they are involved.
The role they play in the human body.
The quantity in which they are needed in the diet.
2 Deficiencies in vitamin B1 lead to which of the following?
Rickets
Beriberi
Scurvy
Eczema
Beriberi
3 What is the common name for vitamin B2?
Riboflavin
Thiamine
Folic acid
Pantothenic acid
Riboflavin
4 Pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamine are all molecules of which vitamin?
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B12
Vitamin K
Vitamin C
Vitamin B6
5 Choline is the primary molecule used to make what neurotransmitter?
Serotonin
Dopamine
Oxytocin
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine
6 Deficiencies in vitamin C can lead to which of the following?
Scurvy
Rickets
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
Anemia
Scurvy
- Vitamin C deficiencies occur in what percentage of the population of the United States?
3%
10%
7%
22%
7%
8 What is the group of compounds that make up the vitamin A family called?
Eicosanoids
Retinoids
Prostaglandins
Tocopherols
Retinoids
9 What percent of children under the age of 5 have vitamin A deficiency worldwide?
5%
22%
33%
47%
33%
10 Deficiencies in vitamin E can lead to which of the following?
Sarcopenia
Slurred speech
Blindness
Deafness
Slurred speech
11 What blood process does vitamin K help directly control?
Blood pressure
Blood lipids
Blood sugar
Blood clotting
Blood clotting
12 What disease is the result of vitamin D deficiency?
Type 2 diabetes
Hypothyroidism
Rickets
Psoriasis
Rickets
13 What percent of the body is made of calcium?
1-2%
14-15%
6-7%
9-10%
1-2%
14 What is the normal range of calcium in the blood?
5.5-6.9 mg/dL
8.4-9.5 mg/dL
3.0-4.2 mg/dL
7.2-8.2 mg/dL
8.4-9.5 mg/dL
15 In which of the following key processes is chromium involved?
Heart rate
Blood pressure
Insulin signaling
Nerve conduction
Insulin signaling
16 Iron deficiency is the primary cause of which of the following conditions?
Hemophilia
Sickle cell
Hypertension
Anemia
Anemia
17 What percent of magnesium in the human body is found in bone tissue?
19%
60%
1%
20%
60%
18 What is the maximal recommended daily intake of mercury?
0.5 µg/kg
2 µg/kg
1 µg/kg
10 µg/kg
2 µg/kg
19 What is the intracellular-to-extracellular ratio of potassium?
40:1
50:1
10:1
30:1
30:1
20 What is the normal range for the extracellular concentration of sodium?
206 to 217 millimolar
136 to 151 millimolar
175 to 190 millimolar
321 to 338 millimolar
136 to 151 millimolar
21 What is the definition of Estimated Average Requirement for a nutrient?
A nutrient intake value that is estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a group.
The highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population.
A value based on observed or experimentally determined approximations of nutrient intake by a group (or groups) of healthy people.
The average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all (97 to 98%) healthy individuals in a group.
A nutrient intake value that is estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a group.
22 What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of vitamin A for adult males ( > 18 years of age)?
600 μg/day
900 μg/day
400 μg/day
1000 μg/day
900 μg/day
23 What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of iodine for adults (men and non-pregnant or lactating women > 18 years of age)?
150 μg/day
50 μg/day
75 μg/day
120 μg/day
150 μg/day
24 What percent increased requirement do long distance runners have for iron compared to non-runners?
70%
25%
35%
50%
70%
25 What is the recommended serving amount of fruit per day based on USDA Guidelines?
3
1
4
6
4
26 What is the result of extended periods of high doses of fluoride?
Damage to bones
Heart disease
Anemia
Hair loss
Damage to bones
27 What important molecule is magnesium conjugated to in the body?
Leucine
Fatty acids
Hemoglobin
ATP
ATP
28 In what process does selenium play a critical role?
Carbohydrate metabolism
Antioxidant system
Fatty acid metabolism
Production of neurotransmitters
Antioxidant system
29 What medical therapy is used to remove metals from the body, specifically things like iron, mercury, arsenic, and/or lead?
Ultrasound
Chelation
Phlebotomy
Chemotherapy
Chelation
30 What percent of athletes have been found to have inadequate levels of vitamin D?
36%
73%
11%
54%
54%
31 What elemental metal is present in vitamin B12?
Cobalt
Copper
Iron
Nickel
Cobalt
32 What family of compounds are the vitamin K1 compounds called?
Phylloquinones
Menaquinones
Tocopherols
Retinoids
Phylloquinones
33 What feature of minerals makes them different from vitamins?
They help with metabolic processes.
They cannot be manufactured by the body in sufficient quantities.
They are inorganic.
They are needed in greater quantities.
They are inorganic.
34 What is the common name for vitamin B3?
Niacin
Riboflavin
Folate
Thiamine
Niacin
35 Hyponatremia (low-sodium concentration in the blood) sets in when sodium falls below what concentration?
68 millimolar
164 millimolar
135 millimolar
203 millimolar
135 millimolar
