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NUTRITION COACH > Chapter 5 Energy balance And Metabolism > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Energy balance And Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Energy utilized for immediate work is known as which of the following?

Electrical

Nuclear

Potential

Kinetic

A

Kinetic

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2
Q
  1. Which principle describes how all energy taken into the body is accounted for; energy is either utilized directly, stored, or transformed to kinetic energy or heat?

The first law of thermodynamics

The third law of thermodynamics

The second law of thermodynamics

The fourth law of thermodynamics

A

The first law of thermodynamics

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3
Q
  1. The first law of thermodynamics is also referred to as which of the following?

The law of facilitation of energy

The law of probability of energy

The law of conservation of energy

The law of estimation of energy

A

The law of conservation of energy

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4
Q
  1. Energy expended during walking at work, typing, walking to and from meetings, and fidgeting is referred to as which of the following?

Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)

Thermic effect of feeding (TEF)

Resting metabolic rate (RMR)

Thermic effect of activity (TEA)

A

Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)

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5
Q

5.The basic energy need of an average human being is approximately how many Calories?

2000

1500

3000

2500

A

2000

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6
Q
  1. The process of generating energy (in the form of ATP) from nutrients we consume in our diet is referred to as which of the following?

Energy adaptation

Energy requirement

Energy restriction

Energy metabolism

A

Energy metabolism

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7
Q

7.Which is one of the key features that distinguishes life from non-life?

Temperature

Metabolism

Environment

Gravity

A

Metabolism

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8
Q
  1. A deficiency in which hormone is associated with an increased fat mass (central adiposity in particular), reduced insulin sensitivity, and impaired glucose tolerance?

Adrenaline

Testosterone

Estrogen

Cortisol

A

Testosterone

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9
Q

9.Most cells utilize which of the following as their primary source of energy during intense activity?

Protein

Fat

Amino acids

Glucose

A

Glucose

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10
Q
  1. A metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids is referred to as which of the following?

Glycolysis

Glucagon

Glycogenolysis

Gluconeogensis

A

Gluconeogensis

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11
Q

11.The storage form of glucose is know as which of the following?

Glycerol

Glycogen

Ketone bodies

Triglyceride

A

Glycogen

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12
Q

12.What is the process of generating energy from the food we eat?

Anabolism

Hemopoiesis

Metabolism

Catabolism

A

Metabolism

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13
Q

13.What foods tend to have a higher thermic response than others?

High-protein foods

Low-fat foods

High-carbohydrate foods

Low-protein foods

A

High-protein foods

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14
Q

14.What is the end-result of inadequate rest?

Reduced RMR

Increased RMR

Reduced TEA

Increased TEF

A

Reduced RMR

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15
Q

15.Which organ produces and releases insulin?

Pancreas

Thyroid

Kidney

Liver

A

Pancreas

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16
Q
  1. What are shorter sleep cycles associated with?

Protein synthesis

Weight loss

Atrophy

Weight gain

A

Weight gain

17
Q

17.Which of the following is best defined as the energy accounted for during everyday activities?

Near resting energy thermogenesis (NRET)

Resting energy activity thermogenesis (REAT)

Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)

Non-energy burning thermogenesis (NEBT)

A

Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)

18
Q
  1. Which of the following is best described as the energy consumed for fuel to support and maintain normal body functions like temperature regulation?

Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)

Thermic effect of feeding (TEF)

Thermic effect of activity (TEA)

Resting metabolic rate (RMR)

A

Resting metabolic rate (RMR)

19
Q

19.The increase in energy expenditure after consuming a meal is referred to as which of the following?

Thermic effect of feeding (TEF)

Resting metabolic rate (RMR)

Thermic effect of activity (TEA)

Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)

A

Thermic effect of feeding (TEF)

20
Q
  1. Which hormone, produced by adipose cells, decreases appetite when released?

Leptin

Cholecystokinin

Ghrelin

NPY Neuropeptide Y

21
Q

21.Which hormone is referred to as the hunger hormone because it stimulates appetite, increases food intake, and promotes fat storage?

Ghrelin

NPY Neuropeptide Y

Leptin

Cholecystokinin

22
Q

22.What is the autoimmune disorder that leads to damage in the small intestine when gluten products are consumed?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Celiac disease

Crohn’s disease

Peptic ulcer disease

A

Celiac disease

23
Q
  1. Worldwide, activity levels (including occupational work, home/domestic work, leisure and exercise, and physical activity) are doing which of the following?

Staying the same

Increasing

Declining

Remaining undocumented

24
Q

24.During the first few seconds of exercise, regardless of intensity, what system is primarily utilized?

Anaerobic glycolysis

Krebs Cycle

ATP-PC system

Aerobic glycolysis

A

ATP-PC system

26
Q

26.Which of the following is best defined as the energy accounted for during digestion and processing of food?

Resting metabolic rate (RMR)

Thermic effect of feeding (TEF)

Thermic effect of activity (TEA)

Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)

A

Thermic effect of feeding (TEF)

27
Q

27.What percent of daily energy expenditure is accounted for by the process of consuming food?

10%

25%

50%

5%

28
Q

28.Resting metabolic rate, or RMR, declines by what percentage per decade for men?

5 to 6%

1 to 2%

> 10%

8 to 10%

29
Q

29.To which of the following is one metabolic equivalent (MET) equal?

30 ml O2/kg/min

10 ml O2/kg/min

15 ml O2/kg/min

3.5 ml O2/kg/min

A

3.5 ml O2/kg/min

30
Q

30.Between 1969/1971 and 1999/2001, global food consumption per person has risen by how much?

Approximately 1,000 kcal per person per day

Approximately 2,000 kcal per person per day

Approximately 400 kcal per person per day

Approximately 150 kcal per person per day

A

Approximately 400 kcal per person per day

31
Q

31.ATP consists of an adenosine molecule bonded to how many phosphate groups?

Four

Three

Two

One

33
Q

33.Calories (energy) in versus calories (energy) out is an example of what principle?

The third law of thermodynamics

The first law of thermodynamics

The second law of thermodynamics

The fourth law of thermodynamics

A

The first law of thermodynamics

35
Q

35.Which category includes glucose (sugar), starches, and non-digestible cellulose?

Proteins

Carbohydrates

Triglycerides

Fats

A

Carbohydrates

NUTRITION COACH (23 decks)

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