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NUTRITION COACH > Chapter 7 Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

1 Which polysaccharide is digested fastest?

Soluble fiber

Insoluble fiber

Amylose

Amylopectin

A

Amylopectin

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2
Q

2 Which sweetener is not considered a mono- or disaccharide and is extracted from chicory root?

Dextrose

Inulin

Lactose

High-fructose corn syrup

A

Inulin

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3
Q

3 How much glycogen can the adult liver store?

15 grams per Kg

50 grams per Kg

25 grams per Kg

100 grams per Kg

A

50 grams per Kg

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4
Q

4 What is the vein that transports blood from the spleen, stomach, pancreas, and the intestinal tract to the liver?

Subclavian vein

Axillary vein

Hepatic portal vein

Inferior vena cava

A

Hepatic portal vein

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5
Q

5 What is the current RDA for carbohydrates for adults?

45 grams

130 grams

75 grams

200 grams

A

130 grams

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6
Q

6 Which health benefit is attributed to soluble fiber?

Reduced risk for cardiovascular disease by accelerating atherosclerosis

Decreased absorption of foods because it speeds movement through the small intestine

Reduced risk for cardiovascular disease by binding to cholesterol particles

Protection against diabetes because it facilitates blood sugar spikes

A

Reduced risk for cardiovascular disease by binding to cholesterol particles

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7
Q

7 Which two monosaccharides combine to make sucrose?

Glucose and glucose

Glucose and dextrose

Glucose and galactose

Glucose and fructose

A

Glucose and fructose

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8
Q

8 Which two monosaccharides combine to make lactose?

Glucose and glucose

Glucose and maltose

Glucose and fructose

Glucose and galactose

A

Glucose and galactose

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9
Q

9 Which of the following combine to make maltose?

Glucose and galactose

Glucose and fructose

Glucose and glucose

Glucose and lactose

A

Glucose and glucose

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10
Q

10 How many sugar units are contained in oligosaccharides?

3-10 sugar units

10-15 sugar units

12-18 sugar units

5-12 sugar units

A

3-10 sugar units

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11
Q

11 What is the molecular structure for glucose?

C6H12O6

H2O

CO2

C12H22O11

A

C6H12O6

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12
Q

12 Which complex carbohydrate chain contains straight-chain structures?

Amylopectin

Insoluble fiber

Amylose

Soluble fiber

A

Amylose

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13
Q

13 What are the current estimated daily intakes of fiber for men and women in the U.S.?

25 grams for men; 19 grams for women

8 grams for men; 5 grams for women

12 grams for men; 10 grams for women

18 grams for men; 15 grams for women

A

18 grams for men; 15 grams for women

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14
Q

14 What is the current daily fiber intake recommendation for men in the U.S.?

18 grams of fiber daily

35 grams of fiber daily

25 grams of fiber daily

10 grams of fiber daily

A

35 grams of fiber daily

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15
Q

15 What is the current daily fiber intake recommendation for women in the U.S.?

20 grams of fiber daily

28 grams of fiber daily

15 grams of fiber daily

30 grams of fiber daily

A

28 grams of fiber daily

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16
Q

16 During exercise, stored molecules of carbohydrates are broken down to glucose to serve as a fuel. What term defines the breakdown of stored glycogen?

Gluconeogenesis

Glycolysis

Glycogenesis

Glycogenolysis

A

Glycogenolysis

17
Q

17 Which sugar units are combined to form a glycogen molecule?

Sucrose

Glucose

Maltose

Fructose

A

Glucose

18
Q

18 When would the body undergo the process of gluconeogenesis?

During periods in which ketones levels become depleted, the body can produce glucose from other carbohydrate sources like glycogen.

During periods in which ketones levels become depleted, the body can produce glucose from other carbohydrate sources like fructose.

During periods of inadequate carbohydrate intake, the body can produce glucose from certain non-carbohydrate sources like calcium.

During periods of inadequate carbohydrate intake, the body can produce glucose from certain non-carbohydrate sources like amino acids.

A

During periods of inadequate carbohydrate intake, the body can produce glucose from certain non-carbohydrate sources like amino acids.

19
Q

19 In which part of the body does carbohydrate digestion begin?

It begins in the duodenum with sodium bicarbonate.

It begins in the mouth with salivary amylase.

It begins in the stomach with gastric juices.

It begins in the jejunum with pancreatic amylase.

A

It begins in the mouth with salivary amylase.

20
Q

20 The acidic chyme leaving the stomach must be neutralized before any digestion can occur in the small intestine. What compound neutralizes this chyme?

Chymotrypsin

Potassium citrate

Sodium bicarbonate

Pepsinogen

A

Sodium bicarbonate

21
Q

21 What disease associated with large intakes of fructose in inactive people has recently gained more attention as a health concern?

Non-alcoholic liver disease

Cirrhosis

Hyperinsulinemia

Hypertriglyceridemia

A

Non-alcoholic liver disease

22
Q

22 What is the second priority for ingested carbohydrates in the human body once immediate fuel needs have been met?

Use as a fuel for endocrine glands.

Elevated glucagon levels in the blood.

Replenish depleted glycogen stores in the liver and muscles.

Enhance fat-burning ability.

A

Replenish depleted glycogen stores in the liver and muscles.

23
Q

23 Because of the catabolic nature of exercise, insulin release is largely suppressed during an exercise bout. How does glucose, consumed during a workout, then enter the cell?

The body relies upon norepinephrine mediated glucose uptake.

The body relies upon epinephrine mediated glucose uptake.

The body relies upon non-insulin mediated glucose uptake.

The body relies upon insulin mediated glucose uptake.

A

The body relies upon non-insulin mediated glucose uptake.

24
Q

24 What glycemic score ranks a carbohydrate food as a medium GI food?

GI score between 56 and 69

GI score between 25 and 39

GI score between 70 and 80

GI score between 40 and 50

A

GI score between 56 and 69

25
Q

25 What glycemic score ranks a carbohydrate food as a high GI food?

GI score over 69

GI score under 55

GI score between 35 and 55

GI score between 56 and 69

A

GI score over 69

26
Q

26 What glycemic score ranks a carbohydrate food as a low GI food?

GI score over 75

GI score between 60-65

GI score under 55

Gi score between 70-75

A

GI score under 55

27
Q

27 What factor can raise a food’s GI score?

The presence of fiber in the food

Ingesting food in a liquid state

The presence of fat in the food

Cooking and reheating a complex carbohydrate

A

Ingesting food in a liquid state

28
Q

28 From the options provided, which carbohydrate food has the lowest glycemic index (GI) score?

White bread

Hard candy

Orange juice

Hummus

A

Hummus

29
Q

29 What term is defined as the combined effect of both a carbohydrate’s glycemic index (GI) score and the amount of that carbohydrate consumed?

Glycemic index

Hypoglycemia

Hyperglycemia

Glycemic load

A

Glycemic load

30
Q

30 The United States consumes more sugar than any other country in the world. From the options provided, what food category represents the largest source of sugar intake in the U.S. diet?

Snacks and sweets

Beverages

Fruit

Dairy

A

Beverages

31
Q

31 What is the recommended amount of added sugar suggested by the American Heart Association for American adult women?

A limit of 11 added teaspoons

A limit of 6 added teaspoons

A limit of 9 added teaspoons

A limit of 4 added teaspoons

A

A limit of 6 added teaspoons

32
Q

32 According to the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), how many calories from added sugar are recommended for men on a daily basis?

A limit of 100 calories

A limit of 200 calories

A limit of 250 calories

A limit of 150 calories

A

A limit of 150 calories

33
Q

33 Which statement reflects a factual truth regarding high fructose corn syrup (HFCS)?

HFCS leads to a greater risk of obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes compared to cane sugar.

HFCS has nearly double the amount of calories per serving compared to organic cane sugar.

HFCS has been positively connected to elevated levels of obesity versus cane sugar.

HFCS is preferred over cane sugar by most food companies because it is cheaper to manufacture and has a longer shelf life.

A

HFCS is preferred over cane sugar by most food companies because it is cheaper to manufacture and has a longer shelf life.

NUTRITION COACH (23 decks)

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