Chapter 7 Carbohydrates Flashcards
1 Which polysaccharide is digested fastest?
Soluble fiber
Insoluble fiber
Amylose
Amylopectin
Amylopectin
2 Which sweetener is not considered a mono- or disaccharide and is extracted from chicory root?
Dextrose
Inulin
Lactose
High-fructose corn syrup
Inulin
3 How much glycogen can the adult liver store?
15 grams per Kg
50 grams per Kg
25 grams per Kg
100 grams per Kg
50 grams per Kg
4 What is the vein that transports blood from the spleen, stomach, pancreas, and the intestinal tract to the liver?
Subclavian vein
Axillary vein
Hepatic portal vein
Inferior vena cava
Hepatic portal vein
5 What is the current RDA for carbohydrates for adults?
45 grams
130 grams
75 grams
200 grams
130 grams
6 Which health benefit is attributed to soluble fiber?
Reduced risk for cardiovascular disease by accelerating atherosclerosis
Decreased absorption of foods because it speeds movement through the small intestine
Reduced risk for cardiovascular disease by binding to cholesterol particles
Protection against diabetes because it facilitates blood sugar spikes
Reduced risk for cardiovascular disease by binding to cholesterol particles
7 Which two monosaccharides combine to make sucrose?
Glucose and glucose
Glucose and dextrose
Glucose and galactose
Glucose and fructose
Glucose and fructose
8 Which two monosaccharides combine to make lactose?
Glucose and glucose
Glucose and maltose
Glucose and fructose
Glucose and galactose
Glucose and galactose
9 Which of the following combine to make maltose?
Glucose and galactose
Glucose and fructose
Glucose and glucose
Glucose and lactose
Glucose and glucose
10 How many sugar units are contained in oligosaccharides?
3-10 sugar units
10-15 sugar units
12-18 sugar units
5-12 sugar units
3-10 sugar units
11 What is the molecular structure for glucose?
C6H12O6
H2O
CO2
C12H22O11
C6H12O6
12 Which complex carbohydrate chain contains straight-chain structures?
Amylopectin
Insoluble fiber
Amylose
Soluble fiber
Amylose
13 What are the current estimated daily intakes of fiber for men and women in the U.S.?
25 grams for men; 19 grams for women
8 grams for men; 5 grams for women
12 grams for men; 10 grams for women
18 grams for men; 15 grams for women
18 grams for men; 15 grams for women
14 What is the current daily fiber intake recommendation for men in the U.S.?
18 grams of fiber daily
35 grams of fiber daily
25 grams of fiber daily
10 grams of fiber daily
35 grams of fiber daily
15 What is the current daily fiber intake recommendation for women in the U.S.?
20 grams of fiber daily
28 grams of fiber daily
15 grams of fiber daily
30 grams of fiber daily
28 grams of fiber daily
16 During exercise, stored molecules of carbohydrates are broken down to glucose to serve as a fuel. What term defines the breakdown of stored glycogen?
Gluconeogenesis
Glycolysis
Glycogenesis
Glycogenolysis
Glycogenolysis
17 Which sugar units are combined to form a glycogen molecule?
Sucrose
Glucose
Maltose
Fructose
Glucose
18 When would the body undergo the process of gluconeogenesis?
During periods in which ketones levels become depleted, the body can produce glucose from other carbohydrate sources like glycogen.
During periods in which ketones levels become depleted, the body can produce glucose from other carbohydrate sources like fructose.
During periods of inadequate carbohydrate intake, the body can produce glucose from certain non-carbohydrate sources like calcium.
During periods of inadequate carbohydrate intake, the body can produce glucose from certain non-carbohydrate sources like amino acids.
During periods of inadequate carbohydrate intake, the body can produce glucose from certain non-carbohydrate sources like amino acids.
19 In which part of the body does carbohydrate digestion begin?
It begins in the duodenum with sodium bicarbonate.
It begins in the mouth with salivary amylase.
It begins in the stomach with gastric juices.
It begins in the jejunum with pancreatic amylase.
It begins in the mouth with salivary amylase.
20 The acidic chyme leaving the stomach must be neutralized before any digestion can occur in the small intestine. What compound neutralizes this chyme?
Chymotrypsin
Potassium citrate
Sodium bicarbonate
Pepsinogen
Sodium bicarbonate
21 What disease associated with large intakes of fructose in inactive people has recently gained more attention as a health concern?
Non-alcoholic liver disease
Cirrhosis
Hyperinsulinemia
Hypertriglyceridemia
Non-alcoholic liver disease
22 What is the second priority for ingested carbohydrates in the human body once immediate fuel needs have been met?
Use as a fuel for endocrine glands.
Elevated glucagon levels in the blood.
Replenish depleted glycogen stores in the liver and muscles.
Enhance fat-burning ability.
Replenish depleted glycogen stores in the liver and muscles.
23 Because of the catabolic nature of exercise, insulin release is largely suppressed during an exercise bout. How does glucose, consumed during a workout, then enter the cell?
The body relies upon norepinephrine mediated glucose uptake.
The body relies upon epinephrine mediated glucose uptake.
The body relies upon non-insulin mediated glucose uptake.
The body relies upon insulin mediated glucose uptake.
The body relies upon non-insulin mediated glucose uptake.
24 What glycemic score ranks a carbohydrate food as a medium GI food?
GI score between 56 and 69
GI score between 25 and 39
GI score between 70 and 80
GI score between 40 and 50
GI score between 56 and 69
25 What glycemic score ranks a carbohydrate food as a high GI food?
GI score over 69
GI score under 55
GI score between 35 and 55
GI score between 56 and 69
GI score over 69
26 What glycemic score ranks a carbohydrate food as a low GI food?
GI score over 75
GI score between 60-65
GI score under 55
Gi score between 70-75
GI score under 55
27 What factor can raise a food’s GI score?
The presence of fiber in the food
Ingesting food in a liquid state
The presence of fat in the food
Cooking and reheating a complex carbohydrate
Ingesting food in a liquid state
28 From the options provided, which carbohydrate food has the lowest glycemic index (GI) score?
White bread
Hard candy
Orange juice
Hummus
Hummus
29 What term is defined as the combined effect of both a carbohydrate’s glycemic index (GI) score and the amount of that carbohydrate consumed?
Glycemic index
Hypoglycemia
Hyperglycemia
Glycemic load
Glycemic load
30 The United States consumes more sugar than any other country in the world. From the options provided, what food category represents the largest source of sugar intake in the U.S. diet?
Snacks and sweets
Beverages
Fruit
Dairy
Beverages
31 What is the recommended amount of added sugar suggested by the American Heart Association for American adult women?
A limit of 11 added teaspoons
A limit of 6 added teaspoons
A limit of 9 added teaspoons
A limit of 4 added teaspoons
A limit of 6 added teaspoons
32 According to the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), how many calories from added sugar are recommended for men on a daily basis?
A limit of 100 calories
A limit of 200 calories
A limit of 250 calories
A limit of 150 calories
A limit of 150 calories
33 Which statement reflects a factual truth regarding high fructose corn syrup (HFCS)?
HFCS leads to a greater risk of obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes compared to cane sugar.
HFCS has nearly double the amount of calories per serving compared to organic cane sugar.
HFCS has been positively connected to elevated levels of obesity versus cane sugar.
HFCS is preferred over cane sugar by most food companies because it is cheaper to manufacture and has a longer shelf life.
HFCS is preferred over cane sugar by most food companies because it is cheaper to manufacture and has a longer shelf life.
