Chapter 8 Fats Flashcards by Ilya Sandoval

1 What is the definition of saturated fat?

Saturated fats are fatty acids that cannot be synthesized in the body, or not in adequate amounts.

Saturated fat is fatty acid that is manufactured when hydrogen is added to liquid vegetable oil.

Saturated fats are fatty acids that have maximum number of hydrogen molecules and contain only a single bond between the carbon atoms.

Saturated fats are fatty acids that have two or more double bonds between carbon atoms.

Saturated fats are fatty acids that have maximum number of hydrogen molecules and contain only a single bond between the carbon atoms.

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2 What is an example of trans fat?

Lard

Vegetable shortening

Butter

Coconut oil

Vegetable shortening

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3 What is an example of saturated fat?

Olive oil

Palm oil

Salmon

Almonds

Palm oil

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What is the key role of phospholipids?

They carry excess cholesterol away from the cells to the liver where it is turned into bile or excreted.

They carry cholesterol from the liver to the cells.

They are the main component of the cell’s membrane and protect the inside of the cell.

They are cells specialized in the storage of fat that makes up adipose tissue.

They are the main component of the cell’s membrane and protect the inside of the cell.

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5 What is a good source of alpha-linoleic acids (ALA)?

Mackerel

Crab

Walnuts

Salmon

Walnuts

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Why is it easy for the average person to meet the adequate intake for omega-6 fatty acids?

Food sources, such as flaxseed oil, chia seeds, and flaxseeds, are readily available.

Food sources, such as corn chips and microwave popcorn, are readily available.

Food sources, such as apples, bananas, and pears, are readily available.

Food sources, such as salmon, herring, and crab, are readily available.

Food sources, such as corn chips and microwave popcorn, are readily available.

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7 Where are fat-soluble vitamins stored in the body?

Small and large intestine

Muscle tissue

Liver and adipose tissue

Brain tissue

Liver and adipose tissue

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8 What is the function of a micelle?

Transportation of monoglycerides, free fatty acids, and fat-soluble vitamins to the gallbladder.

Facilitation of the absorption of monoglycerides, free fatty acids, and fat-soluble vitamins.

Protection of the structural integrity of fatty acids from gastric juice.

Facilitation of the digestion of fatty acids in the stomach.

Facilitation of the absorption of monoglycerides, free fatty acids, and fat-soluble vitamins.

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9 What are both chylomicrons and very-low-density lipoproteins responsible for transporting in the bloodstream?

Water-soluble vitamins

Ketone bodies

Amino acids

Triglycerides

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10 What is the function of low-density lipoproteins?

Transportation of cholesterol to cells of the body.

Transportation of enzymes to the pancreas.

Transportation of bile to the gall bladder.

Transportation of cholesterol to the duodenum.

Transportation of cholesterol to cells of the body.

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11 A client visits a Nutrition Coach for the first time and tells the coach she is consuming 20% of her calories from dietary fat and 15% of her calories from saturated fat. What advice should the nutrition coach give the client?

Recommend the client decrease saturated fat to less than 10 - 11% of total calorie intake.

Recommend the client consume more dietary fat to evoke ketosis.

Recommend the client decrease total fat to less than 10% of total calorie intake.

Recommend the client consume more saturated fat to improve LDL cholesterol levels.

Recommend the client decrease saturated fat to less than 10 - 11% of total calorie intake.

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12 Joe is on a 3500 kcals per day eating plan. Based on the AMDR guidelines, what is the BEST range of calories for fat intake for him?

700-1225 kcals

350-650 kcals

1400-1525 kcals

1250-1350 kcals

700-1225 kcals

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13 What is defined as a combination of fat and protein that transports cholesterol and other lipids to and from various tissues through the blood?

Lipoprotein

Amino acid

Triglyceride

Enzyme

Lipoprotein

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14 What is the BEST information to share with a client about coconut oil intake?

There is evidence that medium-chain triglycerides found in coconut oil raises the risk of diabetes.

Coconut oil probably has a neutral effect on heart health.

Coconut oil is superior for heart heath compared to polyunsaturated fatty acids.

There is evidence that coconut oil significantly decreases LDL cholesterol.

Coconut oil probably has a neutral effect on heart health.

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15 Which term best describes a glycerol molecule and three fatty acids which are insoluble in blood and water and which are the main lipid in food supply, providing energy as stored fat in the body?

Glycogen

Amino acids

Triglycerides

Enzymes

Triglycerides

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16 What is true of Bulletproof® coffee?

It significantly reduces LDL cholesterol.

It has a low saturated fat content level.

It is proven harmful for people with epilepsy.

It can increase daily caloric intake up to 1,000 calories.

17 What enzyme is responsible for breaking down the triglycerides in the mouth?

Pancreatic lipase

Lingual lipase

Gastric lipase

Lipoprotein lipase

Lingual lipase

18 A client asks a Nutrition Coach about taking omega-3 supplements. What is the BEST response to tell the client?

Omega-3 supplements should be avoided because they raise LDL cholesterol.

Omega-3 supplements should be avoided because they raise triglyceride levels.

There may be benefits to taking omega-3 supplements, however, omega-6 supplements are more beneficial for heart health.

There may be benefits to taking omega-3 supplements, however, it may be more beneficial to eat fatty fish.

19 What is the adequate intake (AI) for omega-3 fatty acid for men and women?

5.6 grams per day (men) and 5.1 grams per day (women)

3.6 grams per day (men) and 3.1 grams per day (women)

1.6 grams per day (men) and 1.1 grams per day (women)

7.6 grams per day (men) and 7.1 grams per day (women)

1.6 grams per day (men) and 1.1 grams per day (women)

20 What is the age group that should avoid consuming reduced fat milks?

Perimenopausal women with osteoporosis

Children under the age of 2 years

Seniors over the age of 65

Any person who is considered underweight

Children under the age of 2 years

21 What is the role of lipoprotein lipase?

It is the enzyme within a person’s saliva that initially breaks down food.

It is the enzyme that breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol for the cell to use.

It is the enzyme that reassembles fatty acids into triglycerides.

It is the enzyme that reassembles fatty acids into chylomicrons.

It is the enzyme that breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol for the cell to use.

22 What is a good source of monounsaturated fatty acids?

Flaxseed oil

Soybean oil

Coconut oil

Canola oil

23 A client tells his Nutrition Coach he is on a 2,100 kcal/day diet. If he is trying to consume 30% of his calories from fat, how many grams of fat should he be consuming?

156 grams of fat

367 grams of fat

163 grams of fat

70 grams of fat

24 What is a good source of DHA?

Walnuts

Chia seeds

Flaxseed oil

Salmon

25 What is a chylomicron? An enzyme that delivers HDL cholesterol to the cells A lipoprotein that delivers amino acids to the cells A lipoprotein that delivers triglycerides to the cells An endothelium cell that delivers LDL cholesterol to the liver

A lipoprotein that delivers triglycerides to the cells

26 What is the function of high-density lipoproteins (HDL)? To deliver glycogen to the liverls To deliver amino acids to the cells To deliver cholesterol to the liver To deliver water-soluble vitamins to the cells

To deliver cholesterol to the liver

27. Triglycerides are transported to adipose (fat) cells and go through beta-oxidation. What are the byproducts of beta-oxidation? Glycerol and free fatty acids Glucose and glycogen Acetyl-CoA and free fatty acids Ketone bodies and glucose

Glycerol and free fatty acids

28 What is a valid health reason for recommending a variety of protein sources such as nuts and seeds? They are high LDL cholesterol. They are high in essential fatty acids. They are low in unsaturated fats. They are low in fat.

They are high in essential fatty acids.

30 A client asks a Nutrition Coach about the benefits of medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) supplementation in weight loss. What is the BEST response? MCT supplements are a health risk for anyone experiencing dementia. While there has been research linking MCT supplementation with weight loss, this should not replace dietary and lifestyle interventions. MCT supplements are a health risk for anyone with osteopenia or osteoporosis. Medium-chain triglycerides should be consumed in a supplement form for maximal absorption.

While there has been research linking MCT supplementation with weight loss, this should not replace dietary and lifestyle interventions.

31 Bile is an example of which of the following? A phospholipid An enzyme A micelle An emulsifier

An emulsifier

32 What are ketone bodies? They are byproducts of beta-oxidation. They are parts of a cell membrane that help protect the cell from oxidative damage. They are a fuel source from fats produced in the liver. They are small particles of cholesterol in the bloodstream.

They are a fuel source from fats produced in the liver.

33 What is eicosapetraenoic acid (EPA)? An omega-6 fatty acid found in nuts and seeds. An omega-3 fatty acid found in the oil of cold-water fish. A thin, soft, pliable layer that acts as a lining around a cell. An enzyme released by the stomach to aid in digestion of fat

An omega-3 fatty acid found in the oil of cold-water fish.

34 What is the definition of hydrophilic? Likely to mix with water, or have an affinity for water. Forcing hydrogen into vegetable oil to create a saturated fat. Likely to repel or not mix with water. Imbalance of free radicals and antioxidants.

Likely to mix with water, or have an affinity for water.

35 What is the definition of hydrophobic? Likely to repel or not mix with water. Imbalance of free radicals and antioxidants. Likely to mix with water, or have an affinity for water. Forcing hydrogen into vegetable oil to create a saturated fat.

Likely to repel or not mix with water.