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Abdomen Board Review > Chapter 9: Abdominal Vasculature > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Abdominal Vasculature Flashcards

1
Q

enlargement of the diameter of the abdominal aorta to greater than 3 cm

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

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2
Q

a contained rupture of a blood vessel that is most likely secondary to the disruption of one or more layers of that vessel’s wall

A

false aneurysm (pseudoaneurysm)

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3
Q

the residual channel of a vessel created by the accumulation of a clot within that vessel

A

false lumen

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4
Q

shaped like a spindle; wider in the middle and tapering toward the ends

A

fusiform

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5
Q

the flow pattern that results from small arteries or arterioles that are contracted, which produces an increase in the resistance to blood flow to the structure that is being supplied

A

high-resistance flow

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6
Q

observation of the intimal layer of a vessel as a result of a dissection

A

intimal flap

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7
Q

the flow pattern characterized by persistent forward flow throughout the cardiac cycle

A

low-resistance flow

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8
Q

a disorder of the connective tissue characterized by tall stature and aortic and mitral valve insufficiency

A

Marfan syndrome

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9
Q

aneurysms caused by infection

A

mycotic aneurysms

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10
Q

a saclike dilation of a blood vessel

A

saccular aneurysm

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11
Q

a condition resulting in interruption or reduction of the blood supply to the small intestines

A

small bowel ischemia

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12
Q

the enlargement of a vessel that involves all three layers of the wall

A

true aneurysm

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13
Q

the true channel within a vessel

A

true lumen

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14
Q

the outer wall layer of a vessel

A

tunica adventitia

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15
Q

the inner wall layer of a vessel

A

tunica intima

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16
Q

the middle, muscular layer of a vessel

A

tunica media

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17
Q

where does the aorta originate?

A

the left ventricle of the heart

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18
Q

3 layers of the aorta and IVC

A

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia

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19
Q

3 branches of the celiac artery

A

splenic artery
common hepatic artery
left gastric artery

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20
Q

3 vessels in the “seagull sign”

A

celiac artery
common hepatic artery
splenic artery

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21
Q

what kind of flow does the normal splenic artery have?

A

low-resistance flow

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22
Q

what does the common hepatic artery branch into at the level of the pancreatic head?

A

gastroduodenal artery

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23
Q

what kind of flow does the normal hepatic artery have?

A

low-resistance flow

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24
Q

the first main branch of the abdominal aorta

A

celiac artery

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25
Q

the second main branch of the abdominal aorta

A

superior mesenteric artery (SMA)

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26
Q

what 3 things does the SMA supply with blood?

A

small intestines
some colon
pancreas

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27
Q

what kind of flow does the SMA have? (fasting and post-prandial)

A

fasting - high-resistance

30-90 minutes postprandial - low-resistance

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28
Q

the third main branches of the abdominal aorta

A

renal arteries

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29
Q

the right renal artery travels _________ to the IVC

A

posterior

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30
Q

which renal artery is longer?

A

right

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31
Q

which renal vein is longer?

A

left

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32
Q

what kind of flow do the normal renal arteries have?

A

low-resistance flow

33
Q

the fourth branches of the abdominal aorta

A 
gonadal arteries
(testicular or ovarian arteries, not usually seen with sonography)
34
Q

upper normal measurement for the abdominal aorta just below the diaphragm

A

2.5 cm in diameter

35
Q

upper normal measurement for the abdominal aorta in the mid-abdomen

A

2 cm or less

36
Q

upper normal measurement for the abdominal aorta in the lower abdomen

A

1.8 cm or less

37
Q

the common iliac arteries are considered enlarged if their diameter exceeds ____

A

2 cm

38
Q

what causes an aneurysm?

A

weakening of the vessel wall

39
Q

the most common shape of an AAA

A

fusiform (has gradual enlargement)

40
Q

the most common location of an AAA

A

infrarenal

41
Q

most common cause of aneurysms in the United States

A

atherosclerosis

42
Q 
Clinical findings:
pulsatile abdominal mass
abdominal bruit
back pain
abdominal pain
lower extremity pain
A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

43
Q

Sonographic findings:
diameter of the abdominal aorta measures greater than 3 cm
thrombus within the lumen of the aorta
calcifications, along with the thrombus, may produce acoustic shadowing

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

44
Q 
Clinical findings:
intense chest pain
hypertension
abdominal pain
lower back pain
neurologic symptoms
A

aortic dissection

45
Q

Sonographic findings:
possible abdominal aortic aneurysm
intimal flap may be noted within the aortic lumen

A

aortic dissection

46
Q

aneurysms that measure more than ___ are more prone to rupture

A

7 cm

47
Q 
Clinical findings:
decreased hematocrit
hypotension
pulsatile abdominal mass
abdominal bruit
back pain
abdominal pain
lower extremity pain
A

aortic rupture

48
Q

Sonographic findings:

abdominal aneurysm with an adjacent hematoma

A

aortic rupture

49
Q

common site for pseudoaneurysm development

A

within the groin at the level of the femoral artery following a heart catheterization

50
Q

Clinical findings:
recent catheterization, surgical procedure, or trauma
pulsatile mass in the area of the puncture location

A

pseudoaneurysm

51
Q

Sonographic findings:
perivascular hematoma containing swirling blood and has a neck connecting it to the vessel
color Doppler demonstration of turbulent flow within the mass

A

pseudoaneurysm

52
Q

where does the IVC terminate?

A

right atrium of the heart

53
Q

4 sections of the IVC

A

hepatic
prerenal
renal
postrenal

54
Q

what kind of blood flow pattern do the hepatic veins have?

A

pulsatile and triphasic, secondary to their association with the right atrium

55
Q

first connections to the IVC

A

hepatic veins

56
Q

second connections to the IVC

A

renal veins

57
Q

which renal vein is longer?

A

left

58
Q

what kind of blood flow do the renal veins have?

A

low-velocity, continuous flow

59
Q

third connections to the IVC

A

gonadal veins (testicular or ovarian)

60
Q

the left gonadal vein drains into the _____________

A

left renal vein

61
Q

which gonadal vein is the longest?

A

left, since it drains into the left renal vein

62
Q

the diameter of the IVC should never exceed ____

A

2.5 cm

63
Q

what two veins join to form the portal vein?

A

superior mesenteric vein
splenic vein
(portal splenic confluence)

64
Q

the diameter of the portal vein is typically less than ____

A

13 mm

65
Q

which side do most tumors invade the IVC from?

A

right, secondary to the shorter length of the right renal vein

66
Q

most common cause of IVC obstruction that leads to enlargement

A

right-sided heart failure

67
Q

the abnormal connection between arteries and veins that results from trauma or biopsy

A

ateriovenous fistula

68
Q

direct communication between arteries and veins that may be congenital or caused by surgery, malignancy, trauma, or biopsy

A

arteriovenous malformations (AVM)

69
Q 
All of the following are branches of the celiac axis except:
A. right gastric artery
B. hepatic artery
C. splenic artery
D. left gastric artery
A

right gastric artery

70
Q

What should the postprandial flow pattern be within the superior mesenteric artery?
A. high resistance
B. low resistance

A

low resistance

71
Q

In small bowel ischemia, the postprandial superior mesenteric artery will yield what flow pattern?
A. high resistance
B. low resistance

A

high resistance

72
Q

The main portal vein is created by the union of the:
A. splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein
B. superior mesenteric vein and inferior mesenteric vein
C. splenic vein and inferior mesenteric vein
D. splenic vein and gastroduodenal vein

A

splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein

73
Q 
The veins seen attaching to the IVC just below the diaphragm are the:
A. renal veins
B. superior mesenteric vein
C. hepatic veins
D. celiac axis
A

hepatic veins

74
Q

The hepatic artery should demonstrate:
A. high-resistance flow
B. low-resistance flow

A

low-resistance flow

75
Q 
What vessel travels posterior to the superior mesenteric artery and anterior to the abdominal aorta?
A. left renal vein
B. left renal artery
C. right renal vein
D. splenic vein
A

left renal vein

76
Q 
Which of the following would most likely have a high-resistance flow pattern?
A. celiac artery
B. common iliac artery
C. splenic artery
D. right renal artery
A

common iliac artery

77
Q 
What vessel travels anterior to the left renal artery?
A. left renal vein
B. hepatic artery
C. right renal vein
D. superior mesenteric vein
A

left renal vein

78
Q 
From the list below, which vessel would be the shortest in length?
A. right renal vein
B. right renal artery
C. left renal vein
D. left renal artery
A

right renal vein

Abdomen Board Review (14 decks)

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