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Abdomen Board Review > Chapter 1: Abdominal Sonography Overview > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Abdominal Sonography Overview Flashcards

1
Q

a collection of fluid within the peritoneal cavity

A

ascites

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2
Q

the cells in the adrenal medulla that secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

chromaffin cells

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3
Q

a collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal cavity that may be associated with cancer

A

exudate ascites

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4
Q

the lab value that indicates the amount of red blood cells in the blood

A

hematocrit

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5
Q

large cells of glandular origin

A

oncocytes

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6
Q

a procedure that uses a needle to drain fluid from the abdominal cavity for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons

A

paracentesis

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7
Q

the portion of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal pelvic cavity

A

parietal peritoneum

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8
Q

a procedure that uses a needle to drain fluid from the pleural cavity for either diagnostic or therapeutic reasons

A

thoracentesis

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9
Q

a collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal cavity often associated with cirrhosis

A

transudate ascites

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10
Q

the portion of the peritoneum that is closely applied to each organ

A

visceral peritoneum

serosal layer

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11
Q

how long should a person be NPO before an abdominal ultrasound (especially with an intact gallbladder)?

A

at least 4 hours, but 8 is optimal

renal ultrasounds don’t require fasting, but the patient should be well-hydrated

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12
Q

what does a decreased hematocrit indicate?

A

bleeding

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13
Q

the double lining of the abdominal cavity

A

peritoneum

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14
Q

a type of reverberation artifact caused by several small, highly reflective interfaces
(seen with adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder)

A

comet tail artifact

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15
Q

caused by a large acoustic interface and subsequent production of false echoes
(seen as an echogenic region in the anterior aspect of the gallbladder or other cystic structures)

A

reverberation artifact

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16
Q

a type of reverberation artifact that appears as a solid streak or chain of parallel bands radiating away from a structure
(seen emanating from gas in the abdomen)

A

ring-down artifact

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17
Q

5 intraperitoneal organs

A 
gallbladder
liver (except for bare area)
ovaries
spleen (except for the splenic hilum)
stomach
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18
Q

12 retroperitoneal organs

A 
abdominal lymph nodes
adrenal glands
aorta
ascending and descending colon
duodenum
IVC
kidneys
pancreas
prostate gland
ureters
urinary bladder
uterus
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19
Q

7 pathologies associated with ascites

A 
acute cholecystitis
cirrhosis
congestive heart failure
ectopic pregnancy
malignancy
portal hypertension
ruptured AAA
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20
Q

the posterior subhepatic space is also referred to as:

A

Morrison pouch

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21
Q

posterior cul-de-sac in females is also known as:

A

pouch of Douglas (rectouterine pouch)

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22
Q

anterior cul-de-sac in females in also known as:

A

space of Retzius

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23
Q

tumor of glandular origin

A

adenoma

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24
Q

tumor of blood vessels, muscle, and fat

commonly found in the kidneys

A

angiomyolipoma

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25
Q

abnormal accumulation of cells within a focal region of an organ
(commonly found in the liver)

A

focal nodular hyperplasia

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26
Q

tumor consisting of a group of inflammatory cells

commonly found in the liver and spleen

A

granuloma

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27
Q

tumor that secretes gastrin

commonly found in the pancreas

A

gastrinoma

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28
Q

tumor consisting of an overgrowth of normal cells of an organ
(commonly found in the kidneys)

A

hamartoma

29
Q

tumor consisting of blood vessels

commonly found in the liver, spleen, and kidneys

A

hemangioma

30
Q

localized collection of blood

A

hematoma

31
Q

tumor that secretes insulin

A

insulinoma

32
Q

tumor that consists of fat

commonly found in the liver, spleen, and kidneys

A

lipoma

33
Q

tumor that consists of oncocytes

commonly found in the kidneys

A

oncocytoma

34
Q

tumor that consists of chromaffin cells of the adrenal gland

A

pheochromocytoma

35
Q

tumor that consists of tissue from all 3 germ cell layers

commonly found in testicles and ovaries

A

teratoma

36
Q

localized collection of urine

commonly found next to a kidney transplant

A

urinoma

37
Q

cancer of glandular origin

commonly found in pancreas and GI tract

A

adenocarcinoma

38
Q

cancer in the lining of vessels (lymphatic or vascular)

commonly found in spleen

A

angiosarcoma

39
Q

cancer that consists of trophoblastic cells

commonly found in testicles

A

choriocarcinoma

40
Q

cancer of the bile ducts

A

cholangiocarcinoma

41
Q

cancer that is fundamentally adenocarcinoma with cystic components
(commonly found in pancreas)

A

cystadenocarcinoma

42
Q

cancer that is of germ cell origin

commonly found in testicles

A

embryonal cell carcinoma

43
Q

cancer of aggressive abnormal epithelial cells

commonly found in thyroid

A

follicular carcinoma

44
Q

cancer that originates in the hepatocytes

A

hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatoma)

45
Q

cancer that originates in the tubules of the kidney

A

hypernephroma (RCC)

46
Q

cancer of the lymphatic system

commonly found in spleen and kidneys

A

lymphoma

47
Q

cancer that has formation of many irregular, fingerlike projections
(commonly found in thyroid)

A

papillary carcinoma

48
Q

cancer that originates in the seminiferous tubules of the testicle

A

seminoma

49
Q

cancer that originates in the transitional epithelium of an organ or structure
(commonly found in the bladder, ureters, and kidneys)

A

transitional cell carcinoma

50
Q

cancer that is of germ cell origin

commonly found in the testicle

A

yolk sac tumor

51
Q

3 common malignant pediatric abdominal masses and their locations:

A

neuroblastoma - adrenal gland
hepatoblastoma - liver
nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) - kidney

52
Q 
The neuroblastoma is a malignant pediatric mass commonly found in:
A. Kidney
B. Liver
C. Testicle
D. Adrenal gland
A

D. Adrenal gland

53
Q 
Which of the following is not considered an intraperitoneal organ?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Gallbladder 
D. Spleen
A

B. Pancreas

54
Q 
Which of the following is not considered retroperitoneal organs?
A. Abdominal lymph nodes
B. Kidneys
C. Adrenal glands
D. Ovaries
A

D. Ovaries

55
Q 
The hypernephroma may also be referred to as:
A. Nephroblastoma
B. Neuroblastoma
C. Hepatocellular carcinoma
D. Renal cell carcinoma
A

D. Renal cell carcinoma

56
Q 
A type of reverberation artifact caused by several small, highly reflective interfaces, such as gas bubbles, describes:
A. Mirror image artifact
B. Posterior shadowing
C. Comet tail artifact
D. Ring-down artifact
A

C. Comet tail artifact

57
Q 
The term cholangiocarcinoma denotes:
A. Bile duct carcinoma
B. Hepatic carcinoma
C. Pancreatic carcinoma
D. Splenic carcinoma
A

A. Bile duct carcinoma

58
Q 
The hepatoma is:
A. Benign tumor of the spleen
B. Benign tumor of the liver
C. Malignant tumor of the pancreas
D. Malignant tumor of the liver
A

D. Malignant tumor of the liver

59
Q 
A Wilms tumor may also be referred to as a:
A. Neuroblastoma
B. Nephroblastoma
C. Hepatoblastoma
D. Hepatoma
A

B. Nephroblastoma

60
Q 
An angiosarcoma would most likely be discovered in the:
A. Rectum
B. Gallbladder
C. Spleen
D. Pancreas
A

C. Spleen

61
Q 
The space located behind the liver and stomach, and posterior to the pancreas is the:
A. Hepatoplenic space
B. Lesser sac
C. Greater sac
D. Supraduodenal space
A

B. Lesser sac

62
Q 
Of the list below, which is considered to be an intraperitoneal organ?
A. Left kidney
B. Aorta
C. Inferior vena cava
D. Liver
A

D. Liver

63
Q 
The oncocytoma is a mass noted more commonly in the:
A. Liver
B. Adrenal glands
C. Pancreas
D. Kidneys
A

D. Kidneys

64
Q 
A benign tumor that consists primarily of blood vessels best describes:
A. Adenocarcinoma
B. Oncocytoma
C. Hemangioma
D. Lymphoma
A

C. Hemangioma

65
Q 
The insulinoma is a:
A. Malignant pediatric adrenal tumor
B. Benign pancreatic tumor
C. Malignant pancreatic tumor
D. Benign liver tumor
A

B. Benign pancreatic tumor

66
Q 
A tumor that consists of a group of inflammatory cells best describes the:
A. Hematoma
B. Hemangioma
C. Lymphoma
D. Granuloma
A

D. Granuloma

67
Q 
A tumor that consists of a focal collection of blood best describes the:
A. Hematoma
B. Hemangioma
C. Hamartoma
D. Hepatoma
A

A. Hematoma

68
Q 
The malignant testicular tumor that consists of trophoblastic cells is the:
A. Cholangiocarcinoma
B. Teratoma
C. Yolk sac tumor
D. Choriocarcinoma
A

D. Choriocarcinoma

Abdomen Board Review (14 decks)

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