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Abdomen Board Review > Chapter 7: The Urinary Tract > Flashcards

Chapter 7: The Urinary Tract Flashcards

1
Q

a cystic disease of the kidney that is often the result of chronic hemodialysis

A

acquired renal cystic disease

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2
Q

an inflammation of the kidney or kidneys

A

acute pyelonephritis

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3
Q

damage to the tubule cells within the kidneys that results in renal failure

A

acute tubular necrosis

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4
Q

an excess of urea or other nitrogenous compounds in the blood

A

azotemia

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5
Q

a measure of the amount of nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea

A

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

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6
Q

a chronic inflammation of the kidney or kidneys

A

chronic pyelonephritis

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7
Q

an extension of the renal cortex located between the renal pyramids

A

columns of Bertin

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8
Q

the dilation of the renal collecting system at birth

A

congenital hydronephrosis

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9
Q

the accumulation of calcium within the cortex of the kidney

A

cortical nephrocalcinosis

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10
Q

the muscle that controls the appropriate emptying of the urinary bladder

A

detrusor muscle

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11
Q

the formation of air within the kidney parenchyma secondary to bacterial infiltration

A

emphysematous pyelonephritis

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12
Q

the fibrous envelope of tissue that surrounds the kidney and adrenal gland

A

Gerota fascia

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13
Q

the dilation of the renal collecting system resulting from the obstruction of the flow of urine from the kidney(s) to the bladder; also referred to as pelvocaliectasis

A

hydronephrosis

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14
Q

abnormally high levels of potassium in the blood

A

hyperkalemia

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15
Q

carcinoma of the kidney; also referred to as renal cell carcinoma

A

hypernephroma

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16
Q

an inherited renal disease that results in bilateral enlargement of the fetal kidneys and microscopic renal cysts; also referred to as autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

A

infantile polycystic kidney disease

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17
Q

an enzyme found within the blood that may be used to monitor renal function; may also be used as a tumor marker for some ovarian tumors

A

lactate dehydrogenase

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18
Q

the accumulation of calcium within the medulla of the renal parenchyma

A

medullary nephrocalcinosis

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19
Q

a congenital disorder characterized by the accumulation of calcium within the abnormally dilated collecting ducts located within the medulla

A

medullary sponge kidney

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20
Q

a renal disease thought to be caused by an early renal obstruction; leads to the development of multiple noncommunicating cysts of various sizes in the renal fossa

A

multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

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21
Q

the most common solid malignant pediatric abdominal mass; a malignant renal mass that may also be referred to as a Wilms tumor

A

nephroblastoma

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22
Q

an accumulation of calcium within the renal parenchyma

A

nephrocalcinosis

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23
Q

the functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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24
Q

a kidney disorder caused by damage to the glomeruli, which results in excess amounts of protein in the urine and the swelling of the ankles, face, and feet due to accumulation of excess water

A

nephrotic syndrome

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25
Q

a bladder that is poorly functioning secondary to any type of neurological disorder

A

neurogenic bladder

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26
Q

a scant or decreased urine output

A

oliguria

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27
Q

a benign renal tumor that is often found in men in their 60s

A

oncocytoma

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28
Q

a benign, solid adrenal tumor associated with uncontrollable hypertension

A

pheochromocytoma

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29
Q

the condition of having pus within the collecting system of the kidney

A

pyonephrosis

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30
Q

pus within the urine

A

pyuria

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31
Q

a benign renal mass

A

renal cell adenoma

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32
Q

the carcinoma of the kidney; also referred to as hypernephroma

A

renal cell carcinoma

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33
Q

a sharp pain in the lower back that radiates into the groin and is typically associated with the passage of a urinary stone through the ureter

A

renal colic

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34
Q

the outer part of the renal parenchyma that is responsible for filtration

A

renal cortex

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35
Q

a benign renal mass that consists of blood vessels

A

renal hemangioma

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36
Q

a collection of blood on or around the kidney typically associated with some form of trauma

A

renal hematoma

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37
Q

a fatty tumor on the kidney

A

renal lipoma

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38
Q

the inner part of the renal parenchyma that is responsible for absorption

A

renal medulla

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39
Q

cone-shaped structures located within the renal medulla that contains part of the nephron

A

renal pyramids

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40
Q

the portion of the kidney containing the minor calices, major calices, renal pelvis, and infundibulum

A

renal sinus

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41
Q

a disease characterized by the buildup of fibrous tissue within the retroperitoneum; this mass may involve the abdominal aorta, IVC, ureters, and sacrum

A

retroperitoneal fibrosis

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42
Q

the combination of slow systolic upstroke and a decreased systolic velocity

A

tardus-parvus

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43
Q

muscular bundles

A

trabeculae

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44
Q

a malignant tumor of the urinary tract that is often found within the urinary bladder or within the renal pelvis

A

transitional cell carcinoma

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45
Q

the area within the urinary bladder where the two ureteral orifices and urethral orifice are located

A

trigone of the urinary bladder

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46
Q

a systemic disorder that leads to the development of tumors within various organs

A

tuberous sclerosis

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47
Q

an abnormality in which the distal ureter projects into the urinary bladder

A

ureterocele

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48
Q

a localized collection of urine

A

urinoma

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49
Q

a urinary stone

A

urolithiasis

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50
Q

the retrograde flow of urine from the urinary bladder into the ureter

A

vesicoureteral reflux

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51
Q

a radiographic examination that involves the assessment of the urinary bladder and distal ureter for urinary reflux and other abnormalities

A

voiding cystourethrogram

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52
Q

an inherited disorder characterized by tumors of the central nervous system and the development of cysts within the kidneys, renal cell carcinoma, and pheochromocytoma

A

von Hippel-Lindau syndrome

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53
Q

a rare chronic form of pyelonephritis that is typically the result of a chronic obstructive mass

A

xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

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54
Q

the functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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55
Q

the kidneys initially develop within the pelvis and ascend into their normal position by _ weeks gestation

A

9

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56
Q

most common location of an ectopic kidney

A

pelvis

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57
Q

4 coverings of the kidney

A

pararenal fat layer
Gerota’s fascia
perirenal fat layer
renal capsule

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58
Q

2 parts of the kidney

A

renal parenchyma

renal sinus

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59
Q

2 parts of the renal parenchyma

A

renal medulla

renal cortex

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60
Q

the renal medulla is responsible for __________ and includes the ____________

A

absorption

renal pyramids

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61
Q

the renal cortex is responsible for __________

A

filtration of the blood

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62
Q

4 components of the renal collecting system contained in the renal sinus

A

minor calices
major calices
renal pelvis
infundibula

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63
Q

the renal arteries are branches of the ____________ that are located just below the level of the _____________

A

abdominal aorta

SMA

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64
Q

which renal vein is longer?

A

left

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65
Q

which renal artery is longer?

A

right

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66
Q

what 3 things may be utilized in blood tests for renal function?

A

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
creatinine
lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)

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67
Q

an elevation in either BUN or creatinine indicates some form of what?

A

renal disease

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68
Q

typical measurements for kidneys

A

8-13 cm in length
2-3 cm in AP
4-5 cm in width

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69
Q

most common cause of acute renal failure

A

acute tubular necrosis

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70
Q 
Clinical findings:
elevated BUN and creatinine
oliguria
hypertension
leukocytosis
hematuria
edema
hypovolemia
A

acute renal failure

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71
Q

Sonographic findings:
normal kidneys
may appear more echogenic

A

acute renal failure

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72
Q

most common cause of chronic renal failure

A

diabetes mellitus

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73
Q 
Clinical findings:
diabetes mellitus
malaise
elevated BUN and creatinine
fatigue
hypertension
hyperkalemia
A

chronic renal failure

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74
Q

Sonographic findings:
small, echogenic kidneys
loss of normal corticomedullary differentiation
renal cysts may be seen as well

A

chronic renal failure

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75
Q

most common renal mass

A

simple cyst

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76
Q

4 locations of renal cysts

A

peripelvic - originate from the renal sinus
parapelvic - originates in the renal parenchyma and protrudes into the renal sinus
cortical - located within the cortex
exophytic - project out away from the kidney

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77
Q

Clinical findings:
asymptomatic
may have pain

A

simple renal cyst

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78
Q 
Sonographic findings:
spherical
anechoic mass
smooth walls 
posterior acoustic enhancement
no internal echoes
A

simple renal cyst

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79
Q

if a cyst does not meet all of the criteria for a simple renal cyst, it is a __________

A

complex renal cyst

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80
Q

autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease usually shows up in what decades of life?

A

third or fourth

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81
Q 
Clinical findings:
asymptomatic until the third or fourth decade of life
decreased renal function
urinary tract infections
renal calculi
flank pain
hematuria
palpable abdominal mass
A

autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

82
Q

Sonographic findings:
bilateral enlarged kidneys that contain numerous cortical renal cysts
possible cysts identified in the pancreas, liver, and/or spleen

A

autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

83
Q

autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease is characterized by dilation of the _______________

A

renal collecting tubules

84
Q

Clinical findings:
may be found in the fetus
clinical findings of renal failure
hepatic disease

A

autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

85
Q

Sonographic findings:
bilateral, enlarged echogenic kidneys
loss of corticomedullary differentiation

A

autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

86
Q

multicystic dysplastic kidney is thought to be caused by what?

A

an early, first trimester obstruction in the ureter

if bilateral, it is fatal

87
Q

Clinical findings:
asymptomatic
normal renal function

A

multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

88
Q

Sonographic findings:
unilateral, smooth-walled, noncommunicating cysts of varying sizes located within the renal fossa
compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney

A

multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

89
Q

acquired renal cystic disease is often the result of what?

A

chronic hemodialysis

90
Q

patients with a history of dialysis and who have acquired renal cystic disease are at an increased risk of developing _________

A

RCC

91
Q

Clinical findings:
clinical findings of renal failure
history of hemodialysis

A

acquired renal cystic disease

92
Q

Sonographic findings:
the kidney will appear small initially during end-stage renal disease with some small cysts
with time, the kidneys may enlarge and have numerous small cysts noted throughout the renal parenchyma

A

acquired renal cystic disease

93
Q

patients with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome have the propensity to develop what other 3 things?

A

cysts within the kidneys
RCC
pheochromocytomas

94
Q

Clinical findings:

symptoms of a brain and/or eye tumors

A

von Hippel-Lindau syndrome

95
Q 
Sonographic findings:
multiple renal cysts
cysts may be complex and have mural nodules (sign of RCC)
cysts within the pancreas
pheochromocytoma may be present
A

von Hippel-Lindau syndrome

96
Q

Clinical findings:
epilepsy
skin lesions of the face

A

tuberous sclerosis

97
Q

Sonographic findings:
bilateral renal cysts
bilateral angiomyolipomas

A

tuberous sclerosis

98
Q 
Clinical findings:
flank pain
bacteriuria
pyuria
leukocytosis
dysuria
urinary frequency
A

acute pyelonephritis

99
Q 
Sonographic findings:
kidneys may appear normal
renal enlargement
focal areas of altered echotexture
compression of the renal sinus
A

acute pyelonephritis

100
Q 
Clinical findings:
pyuria
bacteriuria
fever
flank pain
leukocytosis
A

pyonephrosis

101
Q

Sonographic findings:
hydronephrosis
pus and debris appear as internal, layering, and low-level echoes within the dilated collecting system

A

pyonephrosis

102
Q 
Clinical findings:
symptoms of pyelonephritis
high fever
flank pain
leukocytosis
A

renal or perinephric abscess

103
Q

Sonographic findings:
can appear anechoic, hypoechoic, or complex, depending on its contents
gas shadows or dirty shadowing may be present within the mass

A

renal or perinephric abscess

104
Q

a rare and life-threatning complication of pyelonephritis found more often in patients who have diabetes or who are immunocompromised

A

emphysematous pyelonephritis

105
Q

which bacteria most commonly causes emphysematous pyelonephritis?

A

Escherichia coli

106
Q 
Clinical findings:
diabetes mellitus
immunocompromised patient
fever
flank pain
leukocytosis
A

emphysematous pyelonephritis

107
Q

Sonographic findings:
gas or air within the renal parenchyma
dirty shadowing (reverberation artifact) coming from the renal parenchyma

A

emphysematous pyelonephritis

108
Q 
Clinical findings:
flank pain
bacteriuria
pyuria
leukocytosis
dysuria
urinary frequency
A

chronic pyelonephritis

109
Q

Sonographic findings:

small, echogenic kidneys that have lobulated borders

A

chronic pyelonephritis

110
Q

most common cause of fungal urinary tract infections

A

Candida albicans

111
Q 
Clinical findings:
immunocompromised person
diabetes mellitus, IV drug abuse or long-standing indwelling catheter
infant with an indwelling catheter
flank pain
fever
chills
A

renal fungal disease

112
Q

Sonographic findings:

fungal balls appear as hyperechoic, nonshadowing, mobile structures within the renal collecting system

A

renal fungal disease

113
Q 
Clinical findings:
recent throat infection (acute)
smoky urine
hematuria
proteinuria
fever
hypertension
azotemia
A

glomerulonephritis

114
Q

Sonographic findings:
enlarged kidney(s) of varying echogenicities
prominent renal pyramids

A

acute glomerulonephritis

115
Q

Sonographic findings:

small, echogenic kidneys

A

chronic glomerulonephritis

116
Q

dilation of the calices

A

caliectasis

117
Q

dilation of the renal pelvis

A

pelviectasis

118
Q

dilation of the calices and renal pelvis

A

pelvocaliectasis

119
Q

dilation of the urinary tract occurs ________ to the level of obstruction

A

proximal

120
Q

the dilation of the renal collecting system secondary to the obstruction of normal urine flow

A

hydronephrosis

121
Q

6 intrinsic causes of hydronephrosis

A

urolithiasis
congenital abnormality (vesicoureteral reflux, posterior urethral valves, and ureterovesicular junction)
hematoma (blood clot)
neoplasm
ureteropelvic junction obstruction or ureteral stricture
uereterocele

122
Q

8 extrinsic causes of hydronephrosis

A 
benign prostatic hypertrophy
neurogenic bladder
pelvic masses (uterine leiomyoma, ovarian masses, tubo-ovarian abscess, and bowel masses)
pregnancy
retroperitoneal fibrosis
surgery
trauma
urethritis
123
Q

4 sources of false-positive hydronephrosis

A

overdistention of the urinary bladder
parapelvic cysts
prominent renal vein
extrarenal pelvis

124
Q

what are kidney stones most often made of?

A

calcium oxalate

125
Q

most common location for a stone to become lodged in the urinary tract

A

the ureterovesicular junction

126
Q

Clinical findings:
hematuria
renal colic
oliguria

A

urolithiasis

127
Q

Sonographic findings:
echogenic focus that produces acoustic shadowing
“twinkle sign” seen posterior to the stone
hydronephrosis and dilatation of a ureter may be present

A

urolithiasis

128
Q

most common cause of medullary nephrocalcinosis

A

medullary sponge kidney

129
Q 
Clinical findings:
hypercalcemia
hyperparathyroidism
urinary tract infection
history of urinary calculi
A

nephrocalcinosis

130
Q

Sonographic findings:
medullary - echogenic renal pyramids - medullary sponge kidney
cortical - echogenic foci within the cortex

A

nephrocalcinosis

131
Q

a benign mass that appears sonographically similar to its malignant counterpart

A

renal cell adenoma

132
Q

renal cell adenomas typically measure less than ___

A

1 cm

133
Q

Clinical findings:
asymptomatic
may complain of hematuria

A

renal adenoma

134
Q

Sonographic findings:
hyperechoic, vascular mass with internal calcifications
may produce acoustic shadowing

A

renal adenoma

135
Q

benign renal tumor that is often found in men in their 60s

A

oncocytoma

136
Q

Sonographic findings:
isoechoic, hyperechoic, or hypoechoic mass
may also contain a hypoechoic central scar

A

oncocytoma

137
Q

a renal hamartoma is also called an:

A

angiomyolipoma

138
Q

patients with tuberous sclerosis tend to have multiple and bilateral ______________

A

angiomyolipomas

139
Q

Clinical findings:
asymptomatic
tuberous sclerosis
hematuria, pain, and/or hypertension secondary to hemorrhage

A

angiomyolipoma

140
Q

Sonographic findings:
solid, hyperechoic mass
may produce acoustic shadowing
tend to be multiple and bilateral with tuberous sclerosis

A

angiomyolipoma

141
Q

Sonographic findings:

small, hyperechoic renal mass encountered in the third or fourth decade of life

A

renal hemangioma

142
Q

Sonographic findings:
well-circumscribed, hyperechoic mass usually measuring less than 5 mm in diameter
most often found in women

A

renal lipoma

143
Q 
Clinical findings:
anorexia
flank pain
gross hematuria
hypertension
palpable mass
smoker
weight loss
A

renal cell carcinoma

144
Q

Sonographic findings:
hypoechoic or isoechoic solid mass on the kidney
check the renal vein and IVC for tumor invasion

A

renal cell carcinoma

145
Q

where is transitional cell carcinoma of the kidney usually found?

A

in the renal pelvis

146
Q

Clinical findings:
hematuria
pain secondary to renal obstruction

A

transitional cell carcinoma of the kidney

147
Q

Sonographic findings:
hypoechoic or isoechoic mass within the renal sinus
hydronephrosis may be present

A

transitional cell carcinoma of the kidney

148
Q

2 places cancer most often metastasizes to the kidneys from:

A

lungs

breast

149
Q 
Clinical findings:
history of primary cancer (often lung or breast)
hematuria
fever
weight loss
A

metastases of the kidney

150
Q

Sonographic findings:
bilateral, hypoechoic or hyperechoic masses
lymphoma or leukemia can manifest as an enlarged hypoechoic kidney

A

metastases of the kidney

151
Q 
Clinical findings:
smoker
high blood pressure
high cholesterol
diabetes
hypertension that does not respond to treatment
A

renal artery stenosis

152
Q

Sonographic findings:
thickening and calcification of the renal artery may be noted
renal/aorta ratio that is greater than 3.5
possibly a tardus-parvus spectral waveform downstream from the stenosis

A

renal artery stenosis

153
Q

Clinical findings:
pain
hematuria
(may be caused by renal tumors, trauma, renal infection, or be seen after a kidney transplant)

A

renal vein thrombosis

154
Q 
Sonographic findings:
heterogeneous renal echotexture
enlarged renal vein
absent renal vein Doppler signals
thrombus may not be seen
A

renal vein thrombosis

155
Q

4 causes of congenital hydronephrosis

A

ureteropelvic junction obstruction
vesicoureteral reflux
posterior urethral valves
prune belly syndrome

156
Q

most common cause of congenital hydronephrosis in infants and children

A

ureteropelvic junction obstruction

157
Q

folds of excessive urethral tissue found exclusively in males

A

posterior urethral valves

158
Q 
Clinical findings:
may be asymptomatic
most commonly found in young females
bacteriuria
fever
A

vesicoureteral reflux

159
Q

most common solid malignant pediatric mass

A

Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma)

160
Q

when is a Wilms tumor most often discovered?

A

before age 5, with a mean age of 3

161
Q 
Clinical findings:
palpable abdominal mass in pediatric patient
abdominal pain
hematuria
fever
hypertension
A

Wilms tumor

162
Q

Sonographic findings:
large, solid, mostly echogenic masses that may contain anechoic or hypoechoic areas
evaluate IVC and renal vein for tumor invasion

A

Wilms tumor

163
Q

3 pediatric urachal anomalies

A

patent urachus
urachal cyst
urachal sinus

164
Q 
Clinical findings:
history of some form of trauma to the kidney(s) (blunt trauma, stab wound, biopsy, and lithotripsy)
flank pain
abdominal pain
hematuria
decreased hematocrit
A

renal hematoma

165
Q

Sonographic findings:
variable appearance depending on the stage of the blood and location
blood may accumulate under the capsule (subcapsular), in the perinephric area (in Gerota’s fascia), pararenal area (anterior or posterior), or intramuscular (in the psoas muscle)
if chronic, may calcify and produce acoustic shadowing

A

renal hematoma

166
Q

where are transplanted kidneys placed?

A

in the right or left lower quadrant

167
Q

4 things a postrenal transplant fluid collection could be:

A

lymphocele
urinoma
hematoma
abscess

168
Q

Sonographic findings:
echogenic focus within the ureter that produces acoustic shadowing
dilatation of the ureter proximal to the obstruction

A

ureteral stone

169
Q

ureteroceles are often associated with what?

A

duplicated collecting systems

170
Q

Sonographic findings:
anechoic, balloonlike structure within the lumen of the urinary bladder near the ureterovesicular junction
can be ectopic in location

A

ureterocele

171
Q

Sonographic findings:
large, anechoic tubular structure that extends from the kidney to the urinary bladder; only a section may be enlarged however

A

megaureter and hydroureter

172
Q

4 layers of the bladder, from inner to outer

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa

173
Q

what muscle controls the appropriate emptying of the urinary bladder?

A

detrusor muscle (located within the muscularis portion of the wall)

174
Q

when the bladder wall is thickened, its diameter will exceed ____ in a distended state

A

4 mm

175
Q

bladder volume formula

A

L x W x H x 0.56

176
Q

Clinical findings:
past history of brain or spinal trauma, congenital spinal abnormalities, or diabetes
unnecessary urgency to void
rarely feel the need to urinate

A

neurogenic bladder

177
Q

Sonographic findings:
urinary bladder wall thickening
trabeculae of the bladder wall
postvoid images will show excessive urinary retention
the patient may have a distended bladder but does not feel the need to urinate
bladder stones may be present

A

neurogenic bladder

178
Q

Sonographic findings:

anechoic outpouching of the bladder wall

A

bladder diverticulum

179
Q 
Clinical findings:
dysuria
urinary frequency
lower abdominal pain
nocturia
hematuria
A

cystitis

180
Q

Sonographic findings:
bladder wall may appear focally or diffusely thickened, measuring greater than 4 mm in thickness
bladder may contain echogenic, layering material within its lumen

A

cystitis

181
Q

Sonographic findings:

echogenic, mobile, shadowing foci within the lumen of the urinary bladder

A

bladder stones

182
Q

Sonographic findings:

echogenic, nonshadowing mass that may be mobile or adhered to the wall of the bladder

A

blood clots in the bladder

183
Q

the most malignant tumor of the bladder

A

transitional cell carcinoma (TCC)

184
Q

Clinical findings:
gross hematuria
may urinate blood clots

A

transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

185
Q

Sonographic findings:
smooth or papillary hypoechoic mass that projects into the lumen of the bladder
a solid tumor will not be mobile and will often demonstrate vascularity

A

transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

186
Q 
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
A. nephron
B. medulla
C. cortex
D. Bowman's capsule
A

nephron

187
Q 
The protective capsule of the kidney is referred to as:
A. Glisson capsule
B. perirenal capsule
C. renal capsule
D. renal cortex
A

renal capsule

188
Q 
The vessel located anterior to the abdominal aorta and posterior to the superior mesenteric artery is the:
A. celiac artery
B. left renal artery
C. right renal vein
D. left renal vein
A

left renal vein

189
Q 
All of the following are clinical findings of acute renal failure except:
A. hematuria
B. hypertension
C. oliguria
D. decreased BUN and creatinine
A

decreased BUN and creatinine

190
Q

Which of the following is the most common cause of chronic renal failure?
A. hypertension
B. diabetes mellitus
C. autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
D. acute tubular necrosis

A

diabetes mellitus

191
Q 
The inherited disorder associated with the development of tumors of the central nervous system and orbits, renal cysts, and adrenal tumors is:
A. tuberous sclerosis
B. tuberculosis
C. von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
D. multicystic dysplastic kidney disease
A

von Hippel-Lindau syndrome

192
Q

Which of the following is the most common cause of acute renal failure?
A. hypertension
B. diabetes mellitus
C. autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
D. acute tubular necrosis

A

acute tubular necrosis

193
Q 
All of the following are characteristics of a complex cyst except:
A. internal echoes
B. smooth walls
C. mural nodules
D. septations
A

smooth walls

194
Q

Which of the following best describes the sonographic appearance of a kidney affected by autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease?
A. bilateral enlarged, echogenic kidneys
B. unilateral, smooth-walled, noncommunicating cysts of varying sizes located within the renal fossa
C. small, echogenic kidneys
D. numerous large, complex renal cysts

A

bilateral enlarged, echogenic kidneys

195
Q 
The systemic disorder associated with epilepsy that leads to the development of solid tumors in various organs including angiomyolipomas of the kidneys is:
A. tuberous sclerosis
B. tuberculosis
C. von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
D. multicystic dysplastic kidney disease
A

tuberous sclerosis

196
Q 
The presence of purulent material within the renal collecting system is termed:
A. pylotosis
B. pyelonephritis
C. pyonephrosis
D. emphysematous pyelonephritis
A

pyonephrosis

197
Q 
Clinical findings of glomerulonephritis include all of the following except:
A. proteinuria
B. throat infection
C. azotemia
D. hypercalcemia
A

hypercalcemia

198
Q 
Which of the following is not considered an intrinsic cause of hydronephrosis?
A. ureterocele
B. urethritis
C. urolithiasis
D. ureteropelvic junction obstruction
A

urethritis

199
Q 
Clinical findings of nephrocalcinosis include all of the following except:
A. urinary tract infections
B. urinary calculi
C. hyperparathyroidism
D. weight loss
A

weight loss

200
Q

Which of the following renal conditions is associated with the development of cysts within the pancreas and liver?
A. autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
B. autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
C. multicystic dysplastic kidney disease
D. acquired renal cystic disease

A

autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

201
Q 
Which of the following locations is the most common location for a urolithiasis to become lodged?
A. ureteropelvic junction
B. midureter
C. urethra
D. ureterovesicular junction
A

ureterovesicular junction (UVJ)

Abdomen Board Review (14 decks)

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