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Abdomen Board Review > Chapter 3: The Gallbladder > Flashcards

Chapter 3: The Gallbladder Flashcards

1
Q

the inflammation of the gallbladder without associated gallstones

A

acalculous cholecystitis

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2
Q

benign hyperplasia of the gallbladder wall

A

adenomyomatosis

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3
Q

the hormone produced by the duodenum that causes the gallbladder to contract

A

cholecystokinin

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4
Q

the presence of a gallstone or gallstones within the biliary tree

A

choledocholithiasis

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5
Q

the clinical detection of an enlarged, palpable gallbladder caused by a biliary obstruction in the area of the pancreatic head

A

Courvoisier gallbladder

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6
Q

the duct that connects the gallbladder to the common hepatic duct

A

cystic duct

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7
Q

an outpouching of the gallbladder neck

A

Hartmann pouch

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8
Q

gallbladder variant when the gallbladder fundus is folded onto itself

A

Phrygian cap

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9
Q

tiny pockets within the gallbladder wall

A

Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses

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10
Q

folds located within the cystic duct that prevent it from collapsing and distending

A

spiral valves of Heister

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11
Q

what does the gallbladder do?

A

stores and concentrates bile

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12
Q

the portion of the biliary tree that lies distal to the union of the cystic duct with the hepatic duct is the:

A

common bile duct

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13
Q

blood supply to the gallbladder is via the:

A

cystic artery, a branch of the right hepatic artery

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14
Q

normal size of the gallbladder

A

8-10 cm in length and no more than 5 cm in diameter

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15
Q

the gallbladder wall should measure no more than ____ in thickness

A

3 mm

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16
Q

3 things gallstones are typically made of:

A

cholesterol
calcium bilirubinate
calcium carbonate

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17
Q

what are the 6 F’s when referring to gallstones?

A 
fat
female
fertile
flatulent
fair
forty
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18
Q 
Clinical findings:
asymptomatic
biliary colic
abdominal pain after fatty meals
epigastric pain
nausea and vomiting
pain that radiates to the shoulders
A

cholelithiasis

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19
Q

Sonographic findings:
echogenic, mobile, shadowing structure(s) within the lumen of the gallbladder
stones that lodge within the cystic duct or neck of the gallbladder may not move
WES (wall-echo-shadow) sign may be present (gallbladder completely filled with stones)

A

cholelithiasis

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20
Q

sludge that is thick and may mimic an intraluminal gallbaldder mass

A

tumefactive sludge

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21
Q

Clinical findings:
asymptomatic
any reason for biliary stasis (total parenteral nutrition, fasting)

A

gallbladder sludge

22
Q

Sonographic findings:

a collection of low-level, nonshadowing, dependent echoes within the gallbladder lumen

A

gallbladder sludge

23
Q

a projection of tissue from the gallbladder wall that protrudes into the lumen of the gallbladder

A

polyp

24
Q

most common type of gallbladder polyps

A

cholesterol polyps

25
Q

Sonographic findings:

echogenic, nonshadowing, and nonmobile mass that projects from the gallbladder wall into the gallbladder lumen

A

polyp

26
Q

Sonographic findings:
focal or diffuse thickening of the gallbladder wall
comet-tail artifact that projects from the gallbladder wall into the lumen of the gallbladder

A

adenomyomatosis

27
Q

what causes comet-tail artifact with adenomyomatosis?

A

cholesterol crystals in the Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses of the gallbladder

28
Q

the most common cause of acute cholecystitis

A

a gallstone that has become lodged in the cystic duct or neck of the gallbladder

29
Q 
Clinical findings:
RUQ tenderness
epigastric or abdominal pain
leukocytosis
possible elevation in alkaline phosphatase, aminotransferase, and/or bilirubin
fever
pain that radiates to the shoulders
nausea and vomiting
A

acute cholecystitis

30
Q 
Sonographic findings:
gallstones
positive sonographic Murphy's sign
gallbladder wall thickening
pericholecystic fluid
sludge
A

acute cholecystitis

31
Q

Clinical findings:
RUQ tenderness
epigastric or abdominal pain
leukocytosis

A

acalculous cholecystitis

32
Q 
Sonographic findings:
positive sonographic Murphy's sign
gallbladder wall thickening
pericholecystic fluid
sludge
A

acalculous cholecystitis

33
Q

Sonographic findings:
gallbladder measures >5 cm in diameter or >8-10 cm in length
search for obstructive entities such as choledocholithiasis or pancreatic mass

A

gallbladder enlargement

34
Q

Sonographic findings:

calcification and shadowing from the gallbladder wall

A

porcelain gallbladder

35
Q

though rare, the most common cancer of the biliary tract

A

gallbladder carcinoma

36
Q

what is suspected if a polyp or mass within the gallbladder measures more than 2 cm?

A

gallbladder carcinoma

37
Q

the most common metastatic disease of the gallbladder

A

malignant melanoma

38
Q 
Clinical findings:
weight loss
RUQ pain
jaundice
nausea and vomiting
hepatomegaly
A

gallbladder carcinoma

39
Q

Sonographic findings:
nonmobile mass within the gallbladder lumen that measures >2 cm
diffuse or focal gallbladder wall thickening
irregular mass that may completely fill the gallbladder fossa
invasion of the mass into surrounding liver tissue

A

gallbladder carcinoma

40
Q 
A 71-year-old patient presents to the emergency department with painless jaundice and an enlarged, palpable gallbladder. These findings are highly suspicious for:
A. acute cholecystitis
B. chronic cholecystitis
C. Courvoisier gallbladder
D. porcelain gallbladder
A

Courvoisier gallbladder

41
Q 
The innermost layer of the gallbladder wall is the:
A. fibromuscular layer
B. mucosal layer
C. serosal layer
D. muscularis layer
A

mucosal layer

42
Q 
The cystic artery is a branch of the:
A. main pancreatic artery
B. celiac artery
C. right hepatic artery
D. left hepatic artery
A

right hepatic artery

43
Q 
The middle layer of the gallbladder wall is the:
A. fibromuscular layer
B. mucosal layer
C. serosal layer
D. muscularis layer
A

fibromuscular layer

44
Q 
The gallbladder wall should measure no more than:
A. 5 mm
B. 6 mm
C. 4 mm
D. 3 mm
A

3 mm

45
Q 
The direct blood supply to the gallbladder is the:
A. cholecystic artery
B. common hepatic artery
C. main portal vein
D. cystic artery
A

cystic artery

46
Q 
The outermost layer of the gallbladder wall is the:
A. fibromuscular layer
B. mucosal layer
C. serosal layer
D. muscularis layer
A

serosal layer

47
Q 
The gallbladder is connected to the biliary tree by the:
A. common hepatic duct
B. common bile duct
C. cystic duct
D. right hepatic duct
A

cystic duct

48
Q 
The diameter of the gallbladder should not exceed:
A. 8 cm
B. 5 cm
C. 7 mm
D. 3 cm
A

5 cm

49
Q 
All of the following are sources of diffuse gallbladder wall thickening except:
A. malignant ascites
B. AIDS
C. hepatitis
D. adenomyomatosis
A

malignant ascites

50
Q 
All of the following are sources of diffuse gallbladder wall thickening except:
A. benign ascites
B. hepatitis
C. congestive heart failure
D. gallbladder polyp
A

gallbladder polyp

51
Q 
The spiral valves of Heister are found within the:
A. gallbladder neck
B. cystic duct
C. gallbladder fundus
D. gallbladder wall
A

cystic duct

Abdomen Board Review (14 decks)

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