Chapter 14: Musculoskeletal Imaging and Superficial Structures

Question 1

a synovial cyst located within the popliteal fossa; may also be referred to as a popliteal cyst

Answer 1

Baker cyst

Question 2

inflammation and infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues

Answer 2

cellulitis

Question 3

acoustic shadowing caused by bending of a sound beam at the edge of a curved reflector

Answer 3

refractive shadowing

Question 4

inflammation of the tendon and synovial tendon sheath

Answer 4

tendosynovitis

Question 5

may be noted as echogenic, fibrous structures connecting muscle to bone

Answer 5

tendons

Question 6

connect bones to bones

Answer 6

ligaments

Question 7

Clinical findings:
pain
painful region may be swollen
painful region may be warm to the touch

Answer 7

tendonitis

Question 8

Sonographic findings:
diffuse - enlarged, hypoechoic tendon
focal - localized, enlarged hypoechoic area within the tendon
fluid may be noted
hyperemic flow may be noted

Answer 8

tendonitis

Question 9

Clinical findings:
pain in area of tendon
swelling
edema

Answer 9

tendon rupture

Question 10

Sonographic findings:
partial tears - appear as focal hypoechoic areas within the tendon
complete tears - seen as anechoic or heterogeneous area within the tendon, often indicative of a hematoma; may also be sonographically identified as refractive shadowing in the area of the separated tendon, with fat, a hematoma, or granulomatous material filling in the gap created by the tear

Answer 10

tendon rupture

Question 11

Clinical findings:
asymptomatic
focal tenderness in the popliteal fossa

Answer 11

Baker cyst

Question 12

Sonographic findings:
anechoic mass with posterior enhancement
complicated cysts may contain echogenic fluid, debris, or septations

Answer 12

Baker cyst

Question 13

2 things that most often cause cellulitis

Answer 13

Streptococcus pyogenes

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 14

Inflammation and infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue is termed:
A. ascites
B. retroperitoneal fibrosis
C. cellulitis
D. subcutaneous edema

Answer 14

cellulitis

Question 15

Clinical findings of tendonitis include all of the following except:
A. itching in the area of the tendon
B. pain
C. edema
D. the area is warm to the touch

Answer 15

itching in the area of the tendon

Question 16

What test can be performed to determine a torn Achilles tendon?
A. McBurney test
B. McDonald test
C. Thompson test
D. Baker test

Answer 16

Thompson test

Question 17

Which of the following is true concerning patients with a lipoma?
A. they often complain of pain in the area of the mass
B. they are often obese
C. they are only slightly tender in the area of the mass
D. they feel no pain in the area of the mass

Answer 17

they feel no pain in the area of the mass

Question 18

The accumulation of synovial fluid from a weakening in the joint capsule of the knee, as seen in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis can result in a:
A. hemangioma
B. lipoma
C. Baker cyst
D. ganglion cyst

Answer 18

Baker cyst

Question 19

Fluid within the synovial sheath is indicative of:
A. hyperemic flow
B. tendosynovitis
C. cartilaginous inflammation
D. cartilaginous extension

Answer 19

tendosynovitis

Question 20

Clinical findings of a Baker cyst may mimic those of a/an:
A. arteriovenous malformation
B. deep venous thrombosis
C. knee fracture
D. ganglion cyst

Answer 20

deep venous thrombosis

Question 21

A partial tear of a tendon typically appears as:
A. focal hypoechoic areas within the tendon
B. a focal echogenic area within the tendon
C. a diffusely heterogeneous area within the tendon
D. edema and refractive shadowing in the area of the divided tendon

Answer 21

focal hypoechoic areas within the tendon

Question 22

Superficial lipomas may appear as all of the following except:
A. hypoechoic to the surrounding tissue
B. isoechoic to surrounding tissue
C. hyperechoic to the surrounding tissue
D. anechoic to the surrounding tissue

Answer 22

anechoic to the surrounding tissue