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PSYC-1000 > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Leilani Muir

A

Sterilized at age 14 without consent due to scoring low on IQ test

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2
Q

Anthropometrics

A

Methods of measuring variation among humans

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3
Q

Random Error

A

Error that changes each time

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4
Q

Systematic Error

A

Error that is repeated over and over

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5
Q

Content Validity

A

Is the content of the test what it should be?

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6
Q

Criterion-related validity?

A

Do other ways of measuring the thing match up with the test?

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7
Q

Construct validity

A

Does the test measure what it’s supposed to?

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8
Q

Origin of Intelligence testing

A

2200 BCE in China

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9
Q

Sir Francis Galton

A

Believed superior intelligence led to superior understanding of the world. Created 17 tests (absolute thresholds)

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10
Q

Alfred Binet

A

French researcher who emphasized attention, memory, and comprehension as part of intelligence.

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11
Q

Intelligence

A

The ability to understand, reason, and adapt to or overcome obstacles

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12
Q

Stanford-Binet Test

A

Designed to measure innate intelligence using mental age

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13
Q

IQ

A

Coined by William Stern

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14
Q

Deviation IQ

A

Compares one’s test score with average score for person of that age

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15
Q

Binet Simon Test

A

Test used to identify students who needed special education based on mental age

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16
Q

Raven’s Progressive Matrices

A

Culture fair, non-verbal test that used pictures

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17
Q

Eugenics

A

Good genes. Coined by Galton, who believed that intelligence was the result of “good breeding”

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18
Q

Stereotype Threat

A

When negatively stereotyped members of a group underperform due

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19
Q

Average IQ and SD

A

100 with SD of 15

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20
Q

Savant

A

An individual with a low overall intelligence but who possesses certain extraordinary abilities

21
Q

Prodigy

A

a young person gifted in at least one area and of at least average overall intelligence

22
Q

Stephen Wiltshire

A

Autistic Savant

23
Q

Factor Analysis

A

Analyzes correlations of groups of variables to find “factors”

24
Q

General Intelligence Factor (g)

A

Spearman. Single number representing person’s total mental energy

25
Q

Spearman’s Monarchic Theory

A

Intelligence consists of single general ability (g) plus an unknown number of specific abilities (s)

26
Q

Fluid Intelligence

A

Used in learning new information and solving new problems. Not based on previous knowledge. Peaks at age 20, remains steady, then declines.

27
Q

Crystallized Intelligence

A

A type of intelligence that draws upon past learning and experience. Increases as person gets older.

28
Q

Sternberg’s Trichromatic Theory

A

Intelligence is analytical, practical, creative

29
Q

Metacognition

A

Self-insight into one’s own mental processes

30
Q

Dunning-Kruger Effect

A

People who are dumb often lack metacognition

31
Q

Gardener’s Multiple Intelligences

A

Claims there are at least nine types of independent intelligences

32
Q

Entity Theory

A

Intelligence is fixed

33
Q

Incremental Theory

A

Intelligence is fluid. Students taught this had improved grades over time.

34
Q

Terman’s Study of the Gifted

A

Longitudinal study of children with >135 IQ. Some succeeded in life, some didn’t. Showed that grit was most important in life success.

35
Q

Strengths of men vs women

A

Men better in spatial recognition tasks. Women better in verbal fluency and reading emotions

36
Q

Greater IQ variability in _____

A

Males

37
Q

Behavioural Genomics

A

Study of how genes interact with the environment to produce behaviour

38
Q

Knockout Studies

A

Removing a particular gene and studying the results

39
Q

Transgenic Animal Studies

A

Inserting a gene into an animal and studying the changes

40
Q

Brain Size

A

Not a factor in intelligence

41
Q

Birth Order Effects

A

First borns are usually more intelligent

42
Q

Flynn Effect

A

Steady increase in intelligence scores over time

43
Q

Nootropics

A

Substances believed to benefit intelligence

44
Q

Heritability Estimate

A

How much of the variation between individuals can be attributed to genetics. Increases with age.

45
Q

Impact of Childhood Neglect

A

Resulted in blunted intelligence

46
Q

SES

A

Positive correlation with intelligence

47
Q

Education

A

Positive correlation with intelligence. However, may simply improve test-taking ability

48
Q

Healthy Foods

A

Positive Correlation to Intelligence

PSYC-1000 (13 decks)

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