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PSYC-1000 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

The study of physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

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2
Q

Cross-Sectional Studies

A

Study both young and old at a given moment

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3
Q

Longitudinal Studies

A

Track the same people over time

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4
Q

Cohort Effects

A

Differences between people

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5
Q

Reflexes

A

Involuntary muscular reactions to specific types of stimuli

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6
Q

Synaptogenesis

A

Forming of new synaptic connections

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7
Q

Synaptic Pruning

A

Pruning of synpases

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8
Q

Rooting Reflex

A

Stimulation at corner of mouth causing sucking reflex

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9
Q

Moro Reflex

A

Startle causes baby to extend arms then pull them back ind

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10
Q

Grasping Reflex

A

Stroking hand causes infant to grasp

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11
Q

Cognitive Development

A

Changes in memory, thought, and reasoning that occurs throughout lifespan

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12
Q

Assimilation

A

Fitting new information into the belief system one already possesses

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13
Q

Schema

A

Flexible framework to organize and interpret information

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14
Q

Accomodation

A

Modifying existing beliefs to account for new information

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15
Q

Sensorimotor Stage

A

0-2 years. Infants’ thinking about the world based on immediate sensory and motor experiences. Develop object permanence.

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16
Q

Object Permanence

A

Ability to understand that objects still exist even when they can’t be seen. Milestone of the sensorimotor stage. Occurs around 6 months.

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17
Q

Preoperational Stage

A

2-7 years. Period of language development, pretend play, symbols. Egocentric. Can use language but not logic. Conservation is milestone.

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18
Q

Conservation

A

Quantity of something is not the same as its arrangement

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19
Q

Concrete Operational Stage

A

Ages 7-11. Develop logic and numeracy. Can now understand conservation, reversibility, cause and effect.

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20
Q

Formal Operational Stage

A

Ages 11+. Increase in abstract thinking skills.

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21
Q

Core Knowledge Hypothesis

A

Infants born with components to understand specific things about their environment.

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22
Q

Habituation

A

Decreased response to repeated stimuli

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23
Q

Dishabituation

A

Increased response to new stimuli

24
Q

Attachment

A

An emotional bond between two individuals.

25
Q

Who developed the strange situation test?

A

Mary Ainsworth

26
Q

Secure Attachment

A

Caregiver is responsive

27
Q

Insecure Attachment: Anxious

A

Caregiver is inconsistent

28
Q

Insecure attachment: Avoidant

A

Child does not appear to need caregiver

29
Q

Self-awareness

A

Ability for one to recognize their own individuality

30
Q

Egocentrism

A

Only consider one’s own perspective

31
Q

Theory of Mind

A

Ability to recognize perspectives of others

32
Q

Delay of Gratification

A

Putting off immediate temptation for long term goals

33
Q

Adolescence

A

11-21. Lots of synpatogenesis and pruning. Limbic system develops first, prefrontal develops after (judgement)

34
Q

Kohlberg’s Three Stages of Moral Development

A

Preconventional, conventional, postconventional

35
Q

Preconventional morality

A

Decisions based on seeking reward and avoiding punishment

36
Q

Conventional Morality

A

Rules based on laws

37
Q

Postconventional Morality

A

Recognize laws are relative. Actions based on justice and rights.

38
Q

Social Intuitionist Model

A

What we consider right and wrong based off of disugst

39
Q

Identity

A

Who you are

40
Q

Erikson’s Theory Stages

A

Trust vs Mistrust, Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt, Initiative vs. Guilt, Industry vs Inferiority, Identity vs Role Confusion, Intimacy vs Isolation, Generativity vs Stagnation, Ego Integrity vs Despair

41
Q

Identity Diffusion

A

Not committing to a single identity

42
Q

Identity Foreclosure

A

Committing to an identity handed down to you by your parents

43
Q

Identity Moratorium

A

Not committing to any identity

44
Q

Identity Achievement

A

Developing a sense of who you are

45
Q

What type of intelligence declines in old age?

A

Fluid

46
Q

What type of intelligence remains steady or increases in old age?

A

Crystallized

47
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A

Disease that progressively destroys memory and thinking

48
Q

Percentage of Americans affected over 85 by alzheimers?

A

50%

49
Q

How long do patients live after Alzheimer onset?

A

8-10 years

50
Q

Cause of Alzheimer’s

A

Plaques and tangles prevent neurons from receiving nutrients

51
Q

Benefits of old age in brain?

A

Bilateral activation, greater happiness, positivity bias

52
Q

Socioemotional Selective Theory

A

Old people tend to focus more on positive memories and experiences

53
Q

Attrition

A

Dropping out of a study

54
Q

Harry Harlow Research

A

Did research on monkeys, found that infant monkeys preferred the softest parent monkey. Infants were abnormal if they were deprived of attachment.

55
Q

Separation Anxiety

A

Anxiety that develops around 6-8 months when children are left with a stranger instead of their regular caregiver.

PSYC-1000 (13 decks)

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