Chapter 12 Flashcards
Personality
One’s characteristic pattern of thinking and feeling that remains relatively consistent over time and situations
Idiographic approach
Create descriptions of one’s specific traits
Nomothetic Approach
Examine personality in large groups and try to make generalizations
Personality Trait
psychological trait that makes up a part of one’s personality
Factor Analysis
Used to group items that people respond to similarly
Five Factor Model
A theory of personality based on the finding that personality can be described using five components
HEXACO model
Adds honesty-humility to the personality model
The Dark Triad
Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism
Machiavellianism
Manipulation
Psychopathy
Low emotional responses
Narcissism
Egotistical
Right Wing Authoritarianism
Personality traits that promote antisocial and violent behaviours
Temperaments
Innate behaviour that personality is built in
Major time period for personality change
Late adolescence, early adulthood
State
Temporary engagement that influences behaviour
Reciprocal determinism
Internal factors and external situational factors influence each other
Humourism
Explained illnesses due to fluid imbalances
Phrenology
Traits predicted by shape of skull
Arousal Theory of Extraversion
Extraversion depends on one’s threshold for arousal
Ascending Reticular Activating System
Plays a role in arousal
Behavioural Activation System
Go
Behavioural Inhibition System
Stop
Response styles
Characteristic ways of responding to questions
id
Urge towards sex and aggression
Superego
Morals
Ego
Decision maker between id and superego
Defense Mechanisms
Strategies the ego uses to reduce anxiety
Denial
Unwillingness to acknowledge unpleasant info
Reaction Formation
Altering an impulse one finds unacceptable into its opposite
Sublimation
Turning an unacceptable behaviour into an acceptable one
Identificaiton
Assuming characteristics of another
Projection
Attributing qualities you dislike to others
Repression
Keep distressing information out of mind
Displacement
Turn unacceptable behaviour into a less unacceptable one
Fixation
Preoccupied with a certain stage of development
Oral Stage
0-18 months
Anal Stage
18 months - 3 years
Anal expulsive
Disorganized
Anal retentive
Organized
Phallic Stage
3-6 years. Oedipus complex
Oedipus complex
Boys sexually attracted to their mothers. Fear their fathers may cut off their penises.
Latency Stage
6-13 years
Genital Stage
puberty
Projective Tests
Interpretation of ambiguous images
Rorschach inkblot test
Interpretation of inkblots
Thematic apperception test
Involve interpretation of figures
Analytical Psych
Focuses on unconscious archetypes
Personal unconsciousness
Experiences and emotions in an individual’s life
Collective Unconsciousness
nonpersonal unconsciousness that holds myth
Archetype
Trope that represents patterns across cultures
Person-centred perspective
People are inherently
Social Cognitive Perspective
Alfred Bandura. Behaviour, environment, and personal factors/beliefs interact to form personality
