Chapter 11 Flashcards
Motivation
The underlying psychological and physiological processes involved in guiding an organism to pursue their goals
Drive
A biological trigger that signals we are deprived of and must seek out something
Primary Drive
A biological need (food, water)
Secondary Drive
A need that only has value because we’ve assigned it value (money)
Incentives
The stimuli we seek to reduce drives
Homeostasis
Body’s physiological processes that allow it to maintain a steady environment
Allostasis
Motivation that occurs due to prediction of future needs
Hunger
The need to consume nutrients
What part of the brain involved in hunger?
Hypothalamus
Satiation
The point when one is no longer motivated to eat
What does sugar stimulate?
Dopamine neurons in the nucleus accumbens
Bottomless Bowl Study
Those who were unaware their bowl kept getting refilled ate more
Unit Bias
The unit of sale seen as acceptable
Visual Perception: Colour Study
Food and plates with low contrast; serving size increased
What effect did applesauce have on selection of sweets?
Increase
Social Facilitation of Eating
Eating more
Impression Management and Eating
Eating more or less to be perceived as good mannered
Modelling and Eating
Eating whatever someone else eats
Anorexia Nervosa
A disorder characterized by dissatisfaction with one’s body and fear of being overweight
Bulimia Nervosa
A disorder characterized by binging and purging
Libido
Motivation for sex
Average age of first intercourse
16.5
Kinsey Reports
Survey done on college students.
Testosterone
Hormone that increases desire for sex in both sexes
Trigger Foods
Affect the selection of other foods
Parts of the Sexual Response Cycle
Excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
Refractory Period
The time period after sex where orgasm is not physically possible
Sexual Script
Assumptions about the sexual behaviours of men and women
Gender Roles
Accepted attitudes of males and females in society
Sex Guilt
Guilt being felt after violating one’s culture’s rules for sex
Passionate Love
An intense physical and emotional longing for a person
Companionate Love
The love we feel when our lives are intertwined with another person’s
Terror management theory
We cope with death by developing a worldview
Maslow’s Theory (from top to bottom)
Self-actualization, aesthetic needs, cognitive needs, esteem needs, belongingness needs, safety needs, physiological needs
Achievement Motivation
Drive to perform at high levels and accomplish goals
Approach Goal
A desired outcome a person is drawn towards
Avoidance Goal
An outcome that someone fears will occur if they don’t accomplish their goal
Three Universal Psychology Needs
Relatedness, Autonomy, Competence
Self Efficacy
Confidence in one’s self that they can problem solve and solve new problems
Self-fulfilling Prophecy
An expectation that becomes true
Self Determination Theory
An individual’s ability to achieve their goals is determined by their behaviours
Extrinsic motivation
Motivation to achieve an external reward
What is another name for extrinsic motivation?
Performance motivation
What is another name for intrinsic motivation?
Mastery motivation
Intrinsic Motivation
Motivation due to internal factors, not just rewards
Amotivation
Feeling of no motive to do something
Morality Salience Hypothesis
People who are motivated by their mortality will work to reinforce their cultural worldviews
Parts of an emotion
Subjective experience, neural response, expression
Main brain area involved in emotion?
Amygdala
Sympathetic
Fight or flight
Parasympathetic
REst and digest
Which brain hemisphere shows greater prefrontal cortex response to emotions?
Left
James-Lang Theory
Stimulus occurs, physical arousal, concious feeling
Cannon-Bard Theory
Stimulus occurs, precortical processing
Schacter and Singer Theory
Stimulus occurs, physical arousal occurs, an appraisal is made, and then a feeling occurs
Results of Capilano Bridge study
People on the bridge more likely to misattribute affection from the female studier because they were more aroused
Results of epinephrine study
Those who weren’t told they got epinephrine got mad or angry depending on the person in the room.
Emotion REgulation
Process of regulating emotion
Duchenne Smile
Uses more eye muscles
Body language
Non-verbal cues
Emotional dialects
How different cultures express different emotions
Display Rules
When is it appropriate to display emotion?
Effect of amygdala damage
Difficulty attributed emotion to events
Effects of ventral frontal lobe damage
Don’t understand consequences
What is the effect of arousal on decision making?
More likely to make poorer decisions
