Chapter 11 Flashcards by Emmit Hameed

Motivation

The underlying psychological and physiological processes involved in guiding an organism to pursue their goals

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Drive

A biological trigger that signals we are deprived of and must seek out something

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Primary Drive

A biological need (food, water)

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Secondary Drive

A need that only has value because we’ve assigned it value (money)

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Incentives

The stimuli we seek to reduce drives

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Homeostasis

Body’s physiological processes that allow it to maintain a steady environment

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Allostasis

Motivation that occurs due to prediction of future needs

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Hunger

The need to consume nutrients

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What part of the brain involved in hunger?

Hypothalamus

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Satiation

The point when one is no longer motivated to eat

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What does sugar stimulate?

Dopamine neurons in the nucleus accumbens

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Bottomless Bowl Study

Those who were unaware their bowl kept getting refilled ate more

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Unit Bias

The unit of sale seen as acceptable

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Visual Perception: Colour Study

Food and plates with low contrast; serving size increased

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What effect did applesauce have on selection of sweets?

Increase

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Social Facilitation of Eating

Eating more

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Impression Management and Eating

Eating more or less to be perceived as good mannered

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Modelling and Eating

Eating whatever someone else eats

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Anorexia Nervosa

A disorder characterized by dissatisfaction with one’s body and fear of being overweight

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Bulimia Nervosa

A disorder characterized by binging and purging

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Libido

Motivation for sex

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Average age of first intercourse

16.5

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Kinsey Reports

Survey done on college students.

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Testosterone

Hormone that increases desire for sex in both sexes

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Trigger Foods

Affect the selection of other foods

Parts of the Sexual Response Cycle

Excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

Refractory Period

The time period after sex where orgasm is not physically possible

Sexual Script

Assumptions about the sexual behaviours of men and women

Gender Roles

Accepted attitudes of males and females in society

Sex Guilt

Guilt being felt after violating one's culture's rules for sex

Passionate Love

An intense physical and emotional longing for a person

Companionate Love

The love we feel when our lives are intertwined with another person's

Terror management theory

We cope with death by developing a worldview

Maslow's Theory (from top to bottom)

Self-actualization, aesthetic needs, cognitive needs, esteem needs, belongingness needs, safety needs, physiological needs

Achievement Motivation

Drive to perform at high levels and accomplish goals

Approach Goal

A desired outcome a person is drawn towards

Avoidance Goal

An outcome that someone fears will occur if they don't accomplish their goal

Three Universal Psychology Needs

Relatedness, Autonomy, Competence

Self Efficacy

Confidence in one's self that they can problem solve and solve new problems

Self-fulfilling Prophecy

An expectation that becomes true

Self Determination Theory

An individual's ability to achieve their goals is determined by their behaviours

Extrinsic motivation

Motivation to achieve an external reward

What is another name for extrinsic motivation?

Performance motivation

What is another name for intrinsic motivation?

Mastery motivation

Intrinsic Motivation

Motivation due to internal factors, not just rewards

Amotivation

Feeling of no motive to do something

Morality Salience Hypothesis

People who are motivated by their mortality will work to reinforce their cultural worldviews

Parts of an emotion

Subjective experience, neural response, expression

Main brain area involved in emotion?

Amygdala

Sympathetic

Fight or flight

Parasympathetic

REst and digest

Which brain hemisphere shows greater prefrontal cortex response to emotions?

Left

James-Lang Theory

Stimulus occurs, physical arousal, concious feeling

Cannon-Bard Theory

Stimulus occurs, precortical processing

Schacter and Singer Theory

Stimulus occurs, physical arousal occurs, an appraisal is made, and then a feeling occurs

Results of Capilano Bridge study

People on the bridge more likely to misattribute affection from the female studier because they were more aroused

Results of epinephrine study

Those who weren't told they got epinephrine got mad or angry depending on the person in the room.

Emotion REgulation

Process of regulating emotion

Duchenne Smile

Uses more eye muscles

Body language

Non-verbal cues

Emotional dialects

How different cultures express different emotions

Display Rules

When is it appropriate to display emotion?

Effect of amygdala damage

Difficulty attributed emotion to events

Effects of ventral frontal lobe damage

Don't understand consequences

What is the effect of arousal on decision making?

More likely to make poorer decisions