Chapter 1

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

The scientific study of behaviour, thought, and experience and how they can be affected by mental, social, physical, and environmental factors.

Question 2

Scientific Method

Answer 2

Way of learning about the world through collecting observations, developing theories to explain them, and using the theories to make predictions.

Question 3

Hypothesis

Answer 3

A testable prediction about processes that can be observed and measured

Question 4

Falsifiable

Answer 4

Hypothesis needs to precise enough in order to be proven wrong. This is needed for it to be testable.

Question 5

Psuedoscience

Answer 5

An idea presented as science, but does not utilize basic principles of scientific thinking

Question 6

Theory

Answer 6

An explanation for a broad range of observations that also generates new hypotheses and integrates numberous findings into a coherent whole

Question 7

Biopsychosocial Model

Answer 7

Way of explaining behaviour as a product of biological, physicological, and sociocultural factors.

Question 8

Critical Thinking

Answer 8

Exercising curiosity and skepticism when evaluating the claims of others

Question 9

Parsimony

Answer 9

The simplest explanation is often the most correct one

Question 10

Empiricism

Answer 10

Knowledge comes through experience

Question 11

Determinism

Answer 11

All events are governed by lawful, cause-and-effect relationships

Question 12

Zeitgeist

Answer 12

A general set of beliefs of a specific culture at a specific time

Question 13

Materialism

Answer 13

Everything is made up of matter

Question 14

Dualism

Answer 14

Some things are not made up of matter (eg the soul

Question 15

Psychophysics

Answer 15

Study of relationship between the physical world and mental representation of that world

Question 16

Clinical Psych

Answer 16

Branch of psych that deals with treating and diagnosing psychological disorders

Question 17

Psychoanalysis

Answer 17

An approach that attempts to explain how behaviour and personality are influenced by unconcious processes. Developed by Sigmund Freud

Question 18

Structuralism

Answer 18

Attempt to analyze conscious experience by breaking it down into basic elements, and to understand how these elements work together. Wundt and Titchener

Question 19

Functionalism

Answer 19

Study of function and purpose of behaviour and conscious experience. William James

Question 20

Behaviourism

Answer 20

Focus on observable behaviour with little regard to metnal events and instincts as cause of behaviour

Question 21

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 21

Focuses on each human as an individual

Question 22

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 22

Psych must focus on the whole of one’s behaviour, rather than its parts

Question 23

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 23

Focuses on memory, thinking, and language

Question 24

Social psychology

Answer 24

Study of influence of others on people’s behaviours

Question 25

Personality Psych

Answer 25

Study of how our personal characteristics can influence how we think and act

Question 26

Phrenology

Answer 26

Association of mental traits to bumps on the skull

Question 27

Sigmund Freud was an advocate of _____

Answer 27

Psychoanalysis/Psychodynamic

Question 28

Sigmund Freud model

Answer 28

ID on the bottom (animalistic instincts) Superego (morals and societal expectations) Ego on top (balance of both superego and ID)