Chapter 5 Flashcards
Consciousness
Person’s subjective awareness
Circadian Rhythms
24 hour patterns that influence our psychology and behaviours
What are circadian rhythms regulated by?
Regulated by superchiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus in coordination with pinneal gland
Melatonin
High concentration at night, low concentration during the day
Entrainment
Biological rhythms follow an external pattern (such as clock or light)
Endogenous Rhythms
Rhythms generated by body independent of external cues such as light
Polysomnography
An objective set of measures used to examine physiology during sleep
Beta Waves
High frequency, low amplitude. Characteristc of being awake
Electroencephalogram
Measures brain activity
Alpha Waves
Drowsy state of individual
Theta Waves
Stage 1
Delta Waves
Low frequency, high amplitude
REM
Rapid Eye movement sleep. Lasts 10 minutes. Occurs after stages 1-4. Associated with vivid dreams. Happens more in later part of sleep. More eye movement but decreased muscle tension everywhere else. Brain waves appear as if the individual is awake.
NREM
No eye movement. Lasts 90 minutes. More NREM during first half of sleep
Sleep Spindles
Bursts of high frequency waves occuring during stage 2
K complexes
Small groups of large amplitude waves occurring during stage 2
Restore and Repair Hypothesis
Sleep needed to replenish energy levels lost during day
Preserve and Protect Hyp
Sleep serves the evolutionary function of preserving energy and protecting the organism from harm
Sleep displacement
Individual sleeps earlier or later than normal time
Jet lag
Sleep cycle out of sync with light and dark
Psychoanalytic Approach
Dreams provide a window into unconscious motivations and an opportunity for wish fulfilment.
Manifest Content
Involves storylines in dreams
Latent Content
Involves symbolic meaning of dreams built on sexual urges (id)
Dream Work
Translation of manifest content to latent content, done by an “expert”
