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PSYC-1000 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Consciousness

A

Person’s subjective awareness

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2
Q

Circadian Rhythms

A

24 hour patterns that influence our psychology and behaviours

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3
Q

What are circadian rhythms regulated by?

A

Regulated by superchiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus in coordination with pinneal gland

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4
Q

Melatonin

A

High concentration at night, low concentration during the day

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5
Q

Entrainment

A

Biological rhythms follow an external pattern (such as clock or light)

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6
Q

Endogenous Rhythms

A

Rhythms generated by body independent of external cues such as light

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7
Q

Polysomnography

A

An objective set of measures used to examine physiology during sleep

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8
Q

Beta Waves

A

High frequency, low amplitude. Characteristc of being awake

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9
Q

Electroencephalogram

A

Measures brain activity

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10
Q

Alpha Waves

A

Drowsy state of individual

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11
Q

Theta Waves

A

Stage 1

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12
Q

Delta Waves

A

Low frequency, high amplitude

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13
Q

REM

A

Rapid Eye movement sleep. Lasts 10 minutes. Occurs after stages 1-4. Associated with vivid dreams. Happens more in later part of sleep. More eye movement but decreased muscle tension everywhere else. Brain waves appear as if the individual is awake.

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14
Q

NREM

A

No eye movement. Lasts 90 minutes. More NREM during first half of sleep

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15
Q

Sleep Spindles

A

Bursts of high frequency waves occuring during stage 2

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16
Q

K complexes

A

Small groups of large amplitude waves occurring during stage 2

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17
Q

Restore and Repair Hypothesis

A

Sleep needed to replenish energy levels lost during day

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18
Q

Preserve and Protect Hyp

A

Sleep serves the evolutionary function of preserving energy and protecting the organism from harm

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19
Q

Sleep displacement

A

Individual sleeps earlier or later than normal time

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20
Q

Jet lag

A

Sleep cycle out of sync with light and dark

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21
Q

Psychoanalytic Approach

A

Dreams provide a window into unconscious motivations and an opportunity for wish fulfilment.

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22
Q

Manifest Content

A

Involves storylines in dreams

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23
Q

Latent Content

A

Involves symbolic meaning of dreams built on sexual urges (id)

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24
Q

Dream Work

A

Translation of manifest content to latent content, done by an “expert”

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25
Q

Activation Synthesis Hypothesis

A

Dreams arise from excitatory brain activity originating at the pons

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26
Q

Problem Solving Theory

A

Dreams may facilitate in finding solutions to everyday problems

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27
Q

Insomnia

A

Extreme lack of sleep (chronic)

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28
Q

Onset Insomnia

A

Takes more than thirty minutes to fall asleep

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29
Q

Maintenance insomnia

A

Can’t return back to sleep after waking in middle of night

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30
Q

Terminal insomnia

A

Wakes up too early

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31
Q

Secondary Insomnia

A

Insomnia occurring from other diagnosed problem

32
Q

Nightmares

A

Disturbing dreams occurring during REM sleep

33
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Irresistible compulsion to sleep during daytime. Fall asleep when excited

34
Q

Night Terrors

A

Occur during transition from stage 3 to 4 sleep

35
Q

Restless Leg sydrome

A

Persistent feeling of discomfort in the legs and urge to shift them all the time

36
Q

Somnambulism

A

Sleepwalking

37
Q

Sexomnia

A

Sleeping people do sexual things in their sleep

38
Q

REM behaviour disorder

A

Individuals act out content of dreams

39
Q

Sleep apnea

A

Inability to breathe during sleep

40
Q

Hypnosis

A

Inducing a heightened stage of suggestibility

41
Q

Ideomotor

A

Relates to the subject performing specific actions

42
Q

Challenge

A

Suggestions indicate actions not to be performed

43
Q

Cognitive-Perceptual

A

Involves subject remembering or forgetting specific information

44
Q

Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale

A

Hilgard. Series of tasks under hypnosis

45
Q

Dissociation Theory

A

Conciousness divided into low-level automatic part and high level executive system

46
Q

Social Cognitive Theory

A

Emphasizes the degree to which beliefs contribute to increased suggestibility

47
Q

Mind Wandering

A

Unintentional redirection of attention

48
Q

Default Mode Network

A

Region of parietal lobe most active when an individual is awake but not responding to external stimuli

49
Q

Wakefulness

A

Degree of alertness

50
Q

Awareness

A

Monitoring information from environment

51
Q

Brain Death

A

Condition in which brain no longer functions

52
Q

Coma

A

Complete loss of consciousneses

53
Q

Vegetative State

A

Activity in reticular activating system

54
Q

Lucid Dream

A

Asleep but aware that one is dreaming

55
Q

Locked-In Syndrome

A

Aware and awake but unable to move

56
Q

Minimally Conscious State

A

Show some behaviours

57
Q

Psychoactive Drug

A

Affects behaviour

58
Q

Physical Dependance

A

Need to take drug to ward off withdrawal symptoms

59
Q

Psychological Dependance

A

Emotional need to take drug

60
Q

Stimulants

A

Increase brain activity

61
Q

Caffeine

A

Adenosine A1 antagonist, increases brain activity

62
Q

Cocaine

A

Blocks reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine

63
Q

Nicotine

A

Nicotine Receptor Agonist

64
Q

Amphetamines

A

Increase release of dopamine

65
Q

Ecstacy

A

Increase serotonin levels

66
Q

Depressants

A

Lower brain activity

67
Q

Sedatives

A

GABA agonists

68
Q

Alcohol

A

MDMA antagonist, GABA agonist, increases reward systems

69
Q

Opioids

A

Endrophins, target mu, delta, and kappa receptors

70
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Produce distorted perceptual events

71
Q

Cannabinoids

A

CB1 receptor, reverse neurotransmitter

72
Q

LSD

A

Stimulates serotonin at 5HT2A, leading to more activity in cortex

73
Q

Phantasticant Effects

A

Vivid perceptual experiences

74
Q

Entactogenic Effects

A

Emotional closeness to others

75
Q

Allostatic Process

A

Mood state decreases every time you take a drug

76
Q

Glasgow Coma Scale

A

Measure of person in a vegetative state

PSYC-1000 (13 decks)

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