Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC-1000 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Cognition

A

Mental processes involved in acquiring, processing, and storing knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

Science of how people think, learn, remember, and perceive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Concept

A

Mental representation of an idea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Graded Membership

A

Some objects apply to one category more strongly than other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Prototype

A

Mental representation of the average item in a certain category

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Semantic network

A

Diagram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Priming

A

Activation of individual concepts in LTM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Linguistic Relativity/Whorfian Hypothesis

A

The language we use determines how we understand the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Reasoning

A

Drawing conclusions from evidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Deductive Reasoning

A

Moving from general premises to specific facts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Inductive Reasoning

A

Moving from specific facts to general premises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Problem Solving

A

Accomplishing a goal when solution is not clear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Algorithm

A

Problem solving strategies based on series of rules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Heuristics

A

Problem solving strategies that stem from prior experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Critical Thinking

A

Critically analyzing sources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Metacognitive thinking

A

Thinking about one’s thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mental Set

A

Cognitive obstacle that occurs when a routine solution is applied to a new situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Functional Fixedness

A

Not able to apply problem-solving routine in a novel way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Deductive Reasoning (from lecture)

A

Conclusions drawn after receiving two premises. Relates to belief-bias effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Belief Bias

A

Preexisting beliefs distort logical reasoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Inductive Reasoning

A

Relies on specific facts to draw conclusions that may not be true (scientific method)

22
Q

Analogy Heuristic

A

To solve a new problem, find parallel analogies

23
Q

Judgement

A

Reaching conclusions about events and people

24
Q

Decision Making

A

Accepting and rejecting option

25
Q

Availability Heuristic

A

Estimate likelihood of events based on memory (ex. car crash/plane crash analogy)

26
Q

Representativeness Heuristic

A

Judge things in terms of how well they relate to prototypes. (eg expecting things to look a certain way)

27
Q

Conjunction Fallacy

A

Finding a member of two larger categories is more probable than a member of both

28
Q

Anchoring Heuristic

A

People’s judgements result from an initial (typically numerical) estimate

29
Q

Framing

A

The way an issue is posed

30
Q

Belief Perserverance

A

Someone holds their belief even in the face of opposing evidence

31
Q

Confirmation Bias

A

Individual searches for only evidence that supports their theory

32
Q

Language Production

A

What someone says and the processes involved in producing the language

33
Q

Language Understanding

A

Interpretation and contextualization of language

34
Q

Language

A

Words and ways people communicate meaning

35
Q

Aphasia

A

Damage to areas of the brain that are involved in producing and understanding language

36
Q

Broca’s Area

A

Region of the brain involved in producing language

37
Q

Vernicke’s Area

A

Area of the brain associated with understanding of words

38
Q

Phonetics

A

The way words sound

39
Q

Syntax

A

How words are arranged in sentences

40
Q

Semantics

A

What a word means in a context

41
Q

Pragmatics

A

Aspects of meaning not captured by original definition (sarcasm, gestures)

42
Q

Morphemes

A

Smallest unit of meaning in a language (ex. banks - bank and s)

43
Q

Phonemes

A

Smallest unit of sound in a language

44
Q

Syntax (structure of language)

A

Rules for arranging words in sentences

45
Q

Grammar

A

Entire set of rules for combing symbols and sounds

46
Q

Sensitivity Period

A

Period during which babies learn language simply by hearing it

47
Q

Fast Mapping

A

Ability to map concepts after a single exposure

48
Q

Nativist Theory

A

We discover language rather than learn it (Chomsky LAD)

49
Q

FOXP2 Gene

A

Involved in understanding language. Mutated in people with language disorders.

50
Q

Structural Ambiguity

A

Moving around parts of speech to change meaning

PSYC-1000 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions