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PSYC-1000 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Stores

A

Store memory for no specific purpose

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2
Q

Control Processes

A

Shift information from one memory store to another

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3
Q

Memory

A

Persistence of learning over time

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4
Q

Attention

A

Selects which information will be passed onto STM

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5
Q

Atkinson-Shiffrin Model

A

See diagram

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6
Q

Sensory Memory

A

Immediate recording of sensory information

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7
Q

Encoding

A

Process of storing memory into LTM

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8
Q

Retrieval

A

Brings memory from LTM to STM

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9
Q

Iconic Memory

A

Stores visual sensory memory for 0.5 seconds

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10
Q

Echoic Memory

A

Stores audial sensory memory for 1-2 seconds

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11
Q

Sperling Memory Task

A

Person could recite one row if cued by a pitch, but not full figure

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12
Q

Masking

A

Interference to encoding of sensory memory

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13
Q

STM

A

Memory store with limited capacity

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14
Q

LTM

A

Long term information store (could be permanent)

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15
Q

Attention (from lecture)

A

Selective attention to certain parts of available stimulus

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16
Q

Goal-oriented attention

A

Your goals make you focus on certain things

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17
Q

Stimulus-driven attention

A

Features of the stimuli themselves make you focus on them

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18
Q

Tip of Tongue Phenomenon

A

Able to retrieve words close to the word you want to retrieve

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19
Q

Serial Position Effect

A

Middle of a sequence of items is often forgotten

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20
Q

Proactive Inference

A

Earlier items on list occupies memory and leaves fewer resources available to remember new info

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21
Q

Retroactive Inference

A

Most recent info overshadows previous info that had not made it into LTM

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22
Q

Rehearsal

A

Repeating information until you do not need it anymore

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23
Q

Chunking

A

Grouping items based on similarities

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24
Q

Implicit Memory

A

Non-declarative, information stored, but not at level of conciousness

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25
Q

Explicit Memory

A

Declarative (can be semantic or episodic)

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26
Q

Episodic Explicit Memory

A

Related to time and space

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27
Q

Semantic Explicit Memroy

A

Not related to time and space. Facts.

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28
Q

Encoding (from lecture)

A

Attend to and take in information

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29
Q

Consolidation

A

Strengthening a memory

30
Q

Storage

A

Retention of encoded info over time

31
Q

Retrieval

A

Process of getting information out of memory store

32
Q

What stage of memory did HM have issues with?

A

Consolidation

33
Q

Working Memory

A

Component of STM that stores small amount of info for short amount of time

34
Q

Phonological Loop

A

Component of working memory that stores info as sounds

35
Q

Visuospatial Sketchpad

A

Component of working memory that stores visual information as a visuospatial map

36
Q

Episodic Buffer

A

Component of working memory that combines images and sound into an episode

37
Q

Central Executive

A

Coordinates the three components of working memory

38
Q

Procedural Memory

A

Pattern of muscle movements

39
Q

Anterograde Amnesia

A

Can’t make new memories after incident (HM had this)

40
Q

Retrograde Amnesia

A

Can’t remember events that occurred before brain damage

41
Q

Long-Term Potentiation

A

Strengthening of synaptic connection between two related neurons

42
Q

Cortex

A

Stores declarative memories

43
Q

Hippocampus

A

Important in forming declarative memories, but does not store them

44
Q

More AMPA receptors =?

A

Greater chances of action potential

45
Q

Storage (from text)

A

Time between encoding and retrieval

46
Q

LTM Encoding

A

Requires thought and effort. Maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal

47
Q

Maintenance Rehearsal

A

Encode memory by repeating it

48
Q

Elaborative Rehearsal

A

Encode memory through understanding of meaning

49
Q

Levels of processing theory

A

Craik and Lockhart 1972. Info processed at deeper level more likely to be retained

50
Q

Structural Encoding

A

Paying attention to how a word looks

51
Q

Phonological Encoding

A

Paying attention to sound qualities of words

52
Q

Semantic Encoding

A

Pay attention to meanings of words

53
Q

Self-Reference Effect

A

Thinking about how information impacts you makes it stronger

54
Q

Recognition

A

Recognizing a presented item you’ve seen before. Stronger than recall.

55
Q

Recall

A

Reproduction of info to which you were asked, but the item is not presented to you

56
Q

Encoding Specificity Principle

A

Retrieval most effective when paired with encoding

57
Q

Context-Dependent Memory

A

Retrieval most effective when in same context as initial encoding

58
Q

State-dependent Memory

A

Retrieval is more effective when your internal state matches the one you were in during encoding

59
Q

Mood-dependent Memory

A

Retrieval most effective when mood matches mood you were in during encoding

60
Q

Flashbulb Memory

A

Vivid memory about how one learned an event

61
Q

Mnemonic

A

Technique for remembering something

62
Q

Method of Loci

A

Mnemonic that connects words a path??

63
Q

Dual Coding

A

Info stored in more than one form

64
Q

Testing Effect

A

Taking practice tests improves performance

65
Q

Schema

A

Organized cluster of memories that makes up one’s knowledge, beliefs, etc

66
Q

Constructive Memory

A

Process in which schema is recalled and then details are added

67
Q

False Memory

A

Remembering details about an event that never occurred

68
Q

Misinformation Effect

A

Information given after an event becomes part of your memory of that event (Loftus car accident experiment)

69
Q

Loftus Effect

A

When given the verb “smashed” as opposed to “bumped,” eyewitnesses reported higher speeds of the two cars involved in a collision.

70
Q

Imagination Inflation

A

Increased confidence in a false memory after imagining it

71
Q

DRM Procedure

A

Participants study set of highly related words

72
Q

Recovered Memory

A

Memory of traumatic event that is suddenly recovered after blocking it for number of years. Controversy over accuracy of these.

PSYC-1000 (13 decks)

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