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PSYC-1000 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Stores

A

Store memory for no specific purpose

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2
Q

Control Processes

A

Shift information from one memory store to another

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3
Q

Memory

A

Persistence of learning over time

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4
Q

Attention

A

Selects which information will be passed onto STM

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5
Q

Atkinson-Shiffrin Model

A

See diagram

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6
Q

Sensory Memory

A

Immediate recording of sensory information

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7
Q

Encoding

A

Process of storing memory into LTM

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8
Q

Retrieval

A

Brings memory from LTM to STM

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9
Q

Iconic Memory

A

Stores visual sensory memory for 0.5 seconds

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10
Q

Echoic Memory

A

Stores audial sensory memory for 1-2 seconds

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11
Q

Sperling Memory Task

A

Person could recite one row if cued by a pitch, but not full figure

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12
Q

Masking

A

Interference to encoding of sensory memory

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13
Q

STM

A

Memory store with limited capacity

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14
Q

LTM

A

Long term information store (could be permanent)

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15
Q

Attention (from lecture)

A

Selective attention to certain parts of available stimulus

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16
Q

Goal-oriented attention

A

Your goals make you focus on certain things

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17
Q

Stimulus-driven attention

A

Features of the stimuli themselves make you focus on them

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18
Q

Tip of Tongue Phenomenon

A

Able to retrieve words close to the word you want to retrieve

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19
Q

Serial Position Effect

A

Middle of a sequence of items is often forgotten

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20
Q

Proactive Inference

A

Earlier items on list occupies memory and leaves fewer resources available to remember new info

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21
Q

Retroactive Inference

A

Most recent info overshadows previous info that had not made it into LTM

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22
Q

Rehearsal

A

Repeating information until you do not need it anymore

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23
Q

Chunking

A

Grouping items based on similarities

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24
Q

Implicit Memory

A

Non-declarative, information stored, but not at level of conciousness

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25
Explicit Memory
Declarative (can be semantic or episodic)
26
Episodic Explicit Memory
Related to time and space
27
Semantic Explicit Memroy
Not related to time and space. Facts.
28
Encoding (from lecture)
Attend to and take in information
29
Consolidation
Strengthening a memory
30
Storage
Retention of encoded info over time
31
Retrieval
Process of getting information out of memory store
32
What stage of memory did HM have issues with?
Consolidation
33
Working Memory
Component of STM that stores small amount of info for short amount of time
34
Phonological Loop
Component of working memory that stores info as sounds
35
Visuospatial Sketchpad
Component of working memory that stores visual information as a visuospatial map
36
Episodic Buffer
Component of working memory that combines images and sound into an episode
37
Central Executive
Coordinates the three components of working memory
38
Procedural Memory
Pattern of muscle movements
39
Anterograde Amnesia
Can't make new memories after incident (HM had this)
40
Retrograde Amnesia
Can't remember events that occurred before brain damage
41
Long-Term Potentiation
Strengthening of synaptic connection between two related neurons
42
Cortex
Stores declarative memories
43
Hippocampus
Important in forming declarative memories, but does not store them
44
More AMPA receptors =?
Greater chances of action potential
45
Storage (from text)
Time between encoding and retrieval
46
LTM Encoding
Requires thought and effort. Maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal
47
Maintenance Rehearsal
Encode memory by repeating it
48
Elaborative Rehearsal
Encode memory through understanding of meaning
49
Levels of processing theory
Craik and Lockhart 1972. Info processed at deeper level more likely to be retained
50
Structural Encoding
Paying attention to how a word looks
51
Phonological Encoding
Paying attention to sound qualities of words
52
Semantic Encoding
Pay attention to meanings of words
53
Self-Reference Effect
Thinking about how information impacts you makes it stronger
54
Recognition
Recognizing a presented item you've seen before. Stronger than recall.
55
Recall
Reproduction of info to which you were asked, but the item is not presented to you
56
Encoding Specificity Principle
Retrieval most effective when paired with encoding
57
Context-Dependent Memory
Retrieval most effective when in same context as initial encoding
58
State-dependent Memory
Retrieval is more effective when your internal state matches the one you were in during encoding
59
Mood-dependent Memory
Retrieval most effective when mood matches mood you were in during encoding
60
Flashbulb Memory
Vivid memory about how one learned an event
61
Mnemonic
Technique for remembering something
62
Method of Loci
Mnemonic that connects words a path??
63
Dual Coding
Info stored in more than one form
64
Testing Effect
Taking practice tests improves performance
65
Schema
Organized cluster of memories that makes up one's knowledge, beliefs, etc
66
Constructive Memory
Process in which schema is recalled and then details are added
67
False Memory
Remembering details about an event that never occurred
68
Misinformation Effect
Information given after an event becomes part of your memory of that event (Loftus car accident experiment)
69
Loftus Effect
When given the verb "smashed" as opposed to "bumped," eyewitnesses reported higher speeds of the two cars involved in a collision.
70
Imagination Inflation
Increased confidence in a false memory after imagining it
71
DRM Procedure
Participants study set of highly related words
72
Recovered Memory
Memory of traumatic event that is suddenly recovered after blocking it for number of years. Controversy over accuracy of these.

PSYC-1000 (13 decks)

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