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PSYC-1000 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Genes

A

Unit of heredity

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2
Q

DNA

A

You know what this is

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3
Q

Behavioural Genomics

A

Study of genes and how they are linked to behaviours

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4
Q

Monozygotic Twins

A

Come from single egg

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5
Q

Dizygotic Twins

A

Two different sperm, two different eggs

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6
Q

Longitudinal Studies

A

Follow same group of individuals throughout many years

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7
Q

Epigenetics

A

Changes in DNA expression without changing the genetic code

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8
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

Examines the behaviours of people and the evolutionary benefits they may have had in the past

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9
Q

Intrasexual selection

A

Competition within same sex

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10
Q

Intersexual selection

A

Competition to win over female of other sex

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11
Q

Neurons

A

Cells in human body responsible for sending and receiving signals

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12
Q

Parts of neurons

A

Soma/cell body (houses nuclues)
Dendrites (branch-like structures that receive signals)
Axon (send signal to axon terminals)

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13
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemicals that allow neural cells to communicate with each other

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14
Q

Glial Cells

A

Nourish neurons, remove waste products and dead neurons, form scar tissue, direct development of nervous system in embryos, provide insulation for axons, enhance brain’s immune system

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15
Q

Myelin

A

Fatty sheath that insulates axons and improves transmission efficiency

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16
Q

Resting potential

A

Negative voltage of cell under normal coniditions

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17
Q

Action potential

A

Electrical impulse that generates near cell body and travels down axon

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18
Q

Refractory Period

A

Neuron can not fire

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19
Q

Synapse

A

Small spaces between neurons

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20
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

Carry info to brain

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21
Q

Motor neurons

A

Carry info away from brain

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22
Q

Interneurons

A

Connecting neurons

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23
Q

synaptic cleft

A

Space between terminal buttons and dendrites

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24
Q

Reuptake

A

Neurotransmitters in the synapse get retracted by their presynaptic cell

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25
Q

EPSPs

A

Excitatory post-synaptic potential. Increase positive charges in cells.

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26
Q

IPSPs

A

Inhibitory post-synaptic potential. Increase negative charges in cells.

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27
Q

Spatial summation

A

Adding of two events that occurred in same space

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28
Q

Temporal summation

A

Adding of two events that occurred at same time

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29
Q

Glutamate

A

Most common excitatory neurotransmitter

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30
Q

GABA

A

Primary inhibitory neurotransmitter

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31
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Voluntary movement; found at junctions bewteen nerve cells and skeletal muscles

32
Q

Dopamine

33
Q

Serotonin

A

Mood, aggression

34
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Stress, arousal

35
Q

Agonists

A

Enhance/mimic effects of transmitters

36
Q

Antagonists

A

Block neurotransmitters

37
Q

Hormones

A

Secreted by glands of endocrine system

38
Q

CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord

39
Q

PNS

A

Not brain and spinal cord

40
Q

Hindbrain

A

Structures associated with automatic processes

41
Q

Midbrain

A

Some elements of auditory visual information, some aspects of motor control

42
Q

Forebrain

A

Integrates sensory information

43
Q

Endorphin

A

Reduces pain and induces feelings of pleasure

44
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Part of PNS under voluntary control

45
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Part of PNS under involuntary control

46
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous sytem

A

maintains body function, conserves resources

47
Q

Sympathetic resources

A

Prepares body to expend energy in times of stress

48
Q

Brainstem

A

bottom of brain. has medulla and pons

49
Q

Medulla

A

Breathing, blood pressure, heart beat, sleep

50
Q

Pons

A

Provides input to other brain stem structures and cerebellum

51
Q

Cerebellum

A

“little brain” Involved with fine motor control, classical conditioning

52
Q

Reticular Formation

A

Attention and Alertness

53
Q

Tactum

A

Inferior and superior colliculus do some processing, (auditory and visual)

54
Q

Substantia nigra

A

Origin of a dopamine pathway, important pathway in translating intention to action

55
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay incoming info to appropriate area of brain

56
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Group of three structures responsible for planned movement, skill learning, and integrating sensory information with the reward system

57
Q

Ventricles

A

Circulatory system of the brain. Provides cushioning and distributes nutrients

58
Q

Cerbrum

A

2/3 mass of brain

59
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Outer layer of neurons of brain

60
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Relays messages between hemispheres

61
Q

Amygdala

A

Memory formation from emotional events

62
Q

Hippocampus

A

Learning and memory; new memories

63
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Maintain homeostasis. Interfaces with pituitary gland.

64
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Sensations of touch, pain, temp

65
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Back of head. Visual

66
Q

Temporal Lobe

67
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Motor control and cognition

68
Q

Motor cortex

A

Controls action of body’s voluntary movements

69
Q

Somatosensory Cortex

A

Processes sensory input from various body areas

70
Q

Association Cortex

A

Interprets and integrates information to plan appropriate responses

71
Q

Neurosplasticity

A

Changes in brain.. Pioneered by Canadian Donald Hebb

72
Q

Neurogenesis

A

Generation of new brain cells

73
Q

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

A

EM pulse delivered to specific region of brain

74
Q

Diffusion Tensor Imaging

A

Allows researchers to measure white-matter pathways in the brain

75
Q

PET

A

Measures blood flow to brain activities

76
Q

fMRI

A

Measures brain activity

PSYC-1000 (13 decks)

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