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Human Anatomy > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three types of muscle tissues?

A

skeletal, cardiac and smooth

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2
Q

what are the four basic properties of the muscle tissues?

A

excitability, contractility, extensibility, and elasticity

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3
Q

what are the five functions of skeletal muscle?

A

produce skeletal movement, maintain posture and body position, support soft tissues, regulate entering and exiting of material, maintain body temperature

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4
Q

what are the three layers of the connective tissue of muscle?

A

epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

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5
Q

what is the epimysium?

A

dense irregular connective tissuelayer that surrounds the entire skeletal muscle

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6
Q

what is the perimysium?

A

divides the muscle into a series of internal compartments.

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7
Q

a bundle of muscle fibers is called?

A

fascicle

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8
Q

what is the endomysium?

A

a delicate network of reticular fibers that surrounds each skeletal muscle fiber

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9
Q

what are the two functions of the endomysium?

A

binds each muscle fiber to its neighbor, supports capillaries that supply individual fibers

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10
Q

what do satellite cells do?

A

repair damaged muscle tissue that lie between endomysium and the muscle fibers

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11
Q

what are aponeuroses?

A

think, flattened sheets formed by tendons

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12
Q

sacrolemma

A

cell membrane

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13
Q

sacroplasm

A

cytoplasm

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14
Q

what is a myofibril?

A

cylindical structure that is responsible for skeletal muscle fiber contraction

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15
Q

what are myofilaments?

A

protein filaments consisting of the proteins actin and myosin

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16
Q

actin filaments are found where?

A

in thin filaments

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17
Q

myosin filaments are found where?

A

in thick filaments

18
Q

actin and myosin filaments are organized into what?

A

sacromeres

19
Q

sacroplasmic reticulum is…

A

a sleeve made up of membranes surrounding each myofibril

20
Q

sacromeres are the … functional units of the muscle fibers

A

smallest

21
Q

thick filaments lie in the center of the sacromere linked by proteins of the…

A

M line

22
Q

what are Z lines?

A

filaments at either end of the sacromere attached to interconnecting proteins and extend toward the m line

23
Q

what is the zone of overlap?

A

thin filaments that pass between the thick filaments

24
Q

what is the A band?

A

area containing thick filaments

25
Q

what does the A band include?

A

the M line, the H band, and the zone of overlap.

26
Q

what is the I band?

A

the region between the A band and the Z line and containas oly thin filaments

27
Q

what does a thin filament contain?

A

the proteins tropomyosin and troponin

28
Q

what are the actinins?

A

open meshwork created by proteins

29
Q

myosin heads are also known as what?

A

cross bridges

30
Q

what is the sliding filament theory?

A

sliding occurs when the myosin heads of thick filaments bind to active sites on thin filaments

31
Q

what are the four features of the sliding filament theory?

A

the H and I band get smaller, the zone of overlap gets larger, Z lines move closer together and the width of the A band remains constant through contraction

32
Q

what is the immediate trigger of a contraction?

A

the appearance of free calcium and ions in the sacroplasm

33
Q

electrical impulses is distributed by what?

A

transverse tubules that extend deep into the sacroplasm of the muscle fiber

34
Q

what cocks the myosin head and prepares it for binding to an active site on actin

A

ATP

35
Q

describe the axon

A

extends to the periperphy, to reach the neuromuscular junction of that muscle fiber

36
Q

what is the synaptic terminal?

A

expanded tip of the axon at the neuromuscular junction

37
Q

what are synaptic vesicles?

A

mitochondria and dmall secretory vesicles

38
Q

acetylcholine is an example of what?

A

neurotransmitter

39
Q

the amount of muscle tension produced depends on what two factors?

A

the frequency of stimulation and the number of motor units involved

40
Q

what is the all or none principal?

A

each muscle fiber either contracts completely or does not contract at all

Human Anatomy (19 decks)

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