Chapter 4 Integumentary system Flashcards
What does the integumentary system composed of?
Skin, hair, nails, sweat, oil and mammary glands
list the six functions of integument
physical protection, regulation of body temperature, excretion, nutrition, sensation, immune defense
what are the two major parts of integument?
skin and accessory structures
what are the two subdivisions of skin?
epidermis and dermis
epidermis
the stratified squamous epithelium of the skin
dermis
the underlying loose CT
what is included in the accessory structures?
hair, nails and may multicellular exocrine glands
name the 4 cell types that are contained in the epidermis
keratinocytes, melanocytes, merkel cells, langerhans cells
what are keratinocytes?
most abundant, at least four different cell layers can be found
what are melanocytes?
pigment cells found deep in the epidermis
what are Merkel cells?
sensory cells
what are langerhans cells?
fixed macrophages
skin color is produced by a combination of what two factors?
- dermal blood supply
2. epidermal pigment content
what is cyanosis?
a bluing coloration, resulted from long term decreased blood flow
what is carotene
a yellow-orange pigment found in some veggies that can be trapped in the epidermis
what is melanin?
dark pigment produced by the melanocytes
what does the papillary layer contain
areolar connective tissues
what does reticular layer contain
dense irregular connective tissue
what is the cutaneous plexus?
network of blood vessels at the border of the reticular layer and the subcutaneous layer
what is the papillary plexus?
highly branch network of blood vessels just deep to the epidermis
nerve fibers in the skin are involved in what? (3 things)
regulation of blood flow, regulation of glands and sensations
what are the four types of hair?
lanugo, vellus, intermediate, terminal
lanugo hair
first hairs produced before birth
vellus
peach fuzz
intermediate
thin hair, colored hairs common to the limbs and groin
terminal
coarse hair, deepest pigmented hair found on the head and face
what are sebaceous glands?
exocrine glands that discharge oily secretions into hair follicles
sebaceous follicles
large sebaceous glands that do not attach to a hair follicle
sweat glands
sudoforiferous glands found throughout surface of the body
what are apocrine sweat glands
sweat glands around the nipple and the groin
merocrine sweat glands
very numerous, especially on the palms and soles
Seborrhea
greasy skin
Sebum
composed of lipids and dead fat cells
