Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Anatomy > Chapter 20 Cardiovascualr; Blood > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Cardiovascualr; Blood Flashcards

1
Q

three functions of blood

A

distributes nutrients, oxygen and hormones. Carries metabolic waste to the kidneys for excretion. transports specialized cells that defend peripheral tissues from infection and disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the two components of blood?

A

plasma and formed elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is plasma?

A

liquid matrix of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the three major plasma proteins?

A

albumins, globulins and fibrinogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are albumins

A

transport fatty acids, steroid hormones, and other substances. also regulates colloidal osmotic pressure of the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are globulins?

A

immunoglobulins (antibodies) and transport globulins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are fibrinogens?

A

clotting reaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the formed elements?

A

blood cells and fragments that are suspended in the plasma; RBC and WBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

RBC also known as

A

erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does the hematocrit value indicate?

A

the percentage of whole blood contributed by formed elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what do circulating RBC lack?

A

mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why is it an advantage the RBC’s lack a mitochondria?

A

the RBC’s can only obtain energy through anaerobic metabolism which makes sure the absorbed oxygen will be carried to peripheral tissues and not stolen by the mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is hemoglobin responsible for?

A

the cells ability to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

WBC’s are also known as

A

leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

WBCs are responsible for what?

A

defending the body against invasion by pathogens and remove toxins, wastes and abnormal or damaged tongues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the two major classes of white blood cells

A

granular leukocytes and agranular leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

granular leukocytes

A

have large granular inclusions in their cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the three types of granular leukocytes (nice eyes baby)

A

neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

neutrophils form what percentage of WBC

A

50-70%

20
Q

why are neutrophils called neutrophils?

A

b/c their cytoplasm is packed with pale, neutral-straining granules containing lysosomal enzymes and bacteria killing compounds

21
Q

what are usually the WBC to first arrive at an injured site?

A

Neutrophils!

22
Q

why are eosinophils called eosinophils?

A

b/c their granule stain with eosin, an acidic red dye

23
Q

eosinophils represent what percentage of WBC’s?

A

2-4%

24
Q

why are basophils named basophils

A

because they have numerous granules that stain with basic dyes

25
Q

basophils account for what percentage of WBC’s?

A

about 1%, very rare

26
Q

what do the basophil granules contain?

A

histamine

27
Q

what does histamine do?

A

exaggerates the inflammation response at the injury site by increasing capillary permeability

28
Q

what are two types of agranular leukocytes?

A

monocytes and lymphocytes

29
Q

monocytes are the _____ WBC

A

LARGEST

30
Q

monocytes account for what percentage of WBC?

A

2-8%

31
Q

what are Lymphocytes responsible for?

A

specific immunity

32
Q

lymphocytes account for how much af the WBC?

A

20-30%

33
Q

what three ways do lymphocytes respond to threats?

A

T cells, B cells, and NK cells

34
Q

what do T cells do?

A

enter peripheral tissues and attack foreign cells directly

35
Q

what do B cells do?

A

differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies that attack foreign cells or proteins in distant portions of the body

36
Q

what do NK cells do?

A

responsible for immune surveillance, the destruction of abnormal tissue cells

37
Q

what are platelets?

A

flattened, membrane enclosed packets,

38
Q

platelets life span is

A

10-12 days

39
Q

what are the functions of platelets

A

transport chemicals, formation of temporary patch in the walls of damaged blood vessels, active concentration after clot formation has occured

40
Q

what is hemiopoiesis

A

the process of blood cell formation

41
Q

what is erythropoiesis

A

the formation of erythrocytes

42
Q

what is myeloid tissue

A

primary site of blood cell formation in the adult

43
Q

where are blood cells produced?

A

areas of red marrow

44
Q

erythropoietin is produced where?

A

in the kidneys

45
Q

the two major effects of erythropoietin are

A

stimulates increased rates of cell division in erythroblasts and in the stem cells and it speeds up the maturation of RBC’s

46
Q

what is leukopoiesis?

A

stem cells responsible for the production of white blood cells originate in the bone marrow

Human Anatomy (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions