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Human Anatomy > chapter 21 Cardiovascular; Heart > Flashcards

chapter 21 Cardiovascular; Heart Flashcards

1
Q

The 2 circuits of the heart

A

pulmonary and systemic

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2
Q

The pulmonary system does what?

A

carried CO2 rich blood from the heart to the gas exchange surfaces of the lungs and returns oxygen rich blood to the heart

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3
Q

the systemic circuit does what?

A

transports O2 rich blood from the heart to the rest of the bodys cells, returns carbon dioxide rich blood back to the heart

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4
Q

what contracts first when the heart beats?

A

the atrias

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5
Q

pericardial cavity

A

a portion of the ventral body cavity that holds the heart

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6
Q

what is the pericardium?

A

the serous membrane lining the pericardial cavity

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7
Q

what are the three layers of the heart wall?

A

epicardium, myocardium and endocardium

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8
Q

How do cardiac muscle cells differ from skeletal muscle fiber?

A

cardiac muscle cell contains organized myofibrils and their alignment of their sacromeres produces striations

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9
Q

cardiac muscles cells are dependent on what kind of respiration?

A

aerobic

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10
Q

what id the fibrous skeleton?

A

the extensive connective tissue network of the heart

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11
Q

what are the functions of the fibrous skeleton?(6)

A

stabilizes the positions of the muscle cells and valves, physical support, distributing the forces of contraction, reinforces the valves/ helps prevent overexpansion of the heart, provides elasticity, isolates the atrial muscle cells from the ventricular muscles

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12
Q

parts of the atrium include

A

superior vena cava, inderior vena cava and coronary sinus

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13
Q

what does the superior vena cava do?

A

delivers venous blood from the head, neck, upper limbs, and chest

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14
Q

what does the inferior vena cava do?

A

delivers venous blood to the rest of the trunk

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15
Q

what do the veins do?

A

collect blood from the heart wall and deliver it to the coronary sinus

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16
Q

What is the interatrial septum?

A

separates the right and left atria

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17
Q

what are the three fibrous flaps?

A

Right AV valve (tricupsid), left AV valve (bicupsid), and pulmonary vavle (semilunar valve)

18
Q

Right AV valve

A

oxygen our venous blood travels from the right atrium to the right ventricle through the tricupsid/ right AV valve. (I tri to do right)

19
Q

what is the interventicular septum?

A

a thick muscular portion that separates the two ventricles

20
Q

what is the conus arteriosus

A

superior end of the right ventricle tapered to a smooth wall, cone shaped pouch.

21
Q

pulmonary valve

A

the end of the conus arteriosus

22
Q

what is the pulmonary trunk?

A

the start of the pulmonary circuit. as blood is ejected from the right ventricle, it passes through the semilunar valve and enters the pulmonary trunk

23
Q

the left AV valve/ bicupsid/mitral

A

blood flowing from the left atrium into the left ventricle

24
Q

the left ventricle is the _____

A

thickest wall of any other chamber

25
Q

what is the aortic valve?

A

blood leaves the left ventricle by passing through the aortic valve into the ascending aorta

26
Q

what is auscultation

A

technique of using a stethoscope to listen to the lubb-dupp heart sounds

27
Q

the lubb sound of the heart is what?

A

the first sound you hear and is produced as the AV valves close at the start of ventricular systole

28
Q

the dupp sound of the heart is what?

A

the second heart soundsthat occurs at the beginning of ventricular diastole, when the semilunar valves close

29
Q

the third sound of the heart beat is associated with what?

A

blood flowing into the ventricle

30
Q

the fourth sound of the heart is associated with what?

A

atrial contraction

31
Q

what is coronary circulation?

A

supplies blood to the muscle tissue of the heart

32
Q

systole

A

contraction

33
Q

diastole

A

relaxation

34
Q

what are nodal cells?

A

sinoatrial and atrioventicular

35
Q

pacemaker cells are

A

rapidly depolarizing cells that are found in the SA node

36
Q

acetylcholine (ACh) does what to the heart when released?

A

slows the heart rate

37
Q

what does norepinepherine do to the heart when released?

A

increases the heart rate

38
Q

define bradycardia

A

the term used to indicate a heart rate that is slower than normal.

39
Q

define tachycardia

A

a faster than normal heart rate

40
Q

what does the P wave symbolize?

A

depolarization of the atria

41
Q

what does the QRS complex symbolize?

A

ventricles depolarize

42
Q

what does the T wave symbolize?

A

indicates ventricular repolarization

Human Anatomy (19 decks)

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