chapter 21 Cardiovascular; Heart Flashcards
The 2 circuits of the heart
pulmonary and systemic
The pulmonary system does what?
carried CO2 rich blood from the heart to the gas exchange surfaces of the lungs and returns oxygen rich blood to the heart
the systemic circuit does what?
transports O2 rich blood from the heart to the rest of the bodys cells, returns carbon dioxide rich blood back to the heart
what contracts first when the heart beats?
the atrias
pericardial cavity
a portion of the ventral body cavity that holds the heart
what is the pericardium?
the serous membrane lining the pericardial cavity
what are the three layers of the heart wall?
epicardium, myocardium and endocardium
How do cardiac muscle cells differ from skeletal muscle fiber?
cardiac muscle cell contains organized myofibrils and their alignment of their sacromeres produces striations
cardiac muscles cells are dependent on what kind of respiration?
aerobic
what id the fibrous skeleton?
the extensive connective tissue network of the heart
what are the functions of the fibrous skeleton?(6)
stabilizes the positions of the muscle cells and valves, physical support, distributing the forces of contraction, reinforces the valves/ helps prevent overexpansion of the heart, provides elasticity, isolates the atrial muscle cells from the ventricular muscles
parts of the atrium include
superior vena cava, inderior vena cava and coronary sinus
what does the superior vena cava do?
delivers venous blood from the head, neck, upper limbs, and chest
what does the inferior vena cava do?
delivers venous blood to the rest of the trunk
what do the veins do?
collect blood from the heart wall and deliver it to the coronary sinus
What is the interatrial septum?
separates the right and left atria
what are the three fibrous flaps?
Right AV valve (tricupsid), left AV valve (bicupsid), and pulmonary vavle (semilunar valve)
Right AV valve
oxygen our venous blood travels from the right atrium to the right ventricle through the tricupsid/ right AV valve. (I tri to do right)
what is the interventicular septum?
a thick muscular portion that separates the two ventricles
what is the conus arteriosus
superior end of the right ventricle tapered to a smooth wall, cone shaped pouch.
pulmonary valve
the end of the conus arteriosus
what is the pulmonary trunk?
the start of the pulmonary circuit. as blood is ejected from the right ventricle, it passes through the semilunar valve and enters the pulmonary trunk
the left AV valve/ bicupsid/mitral
blood flowing from the left atrium into the left ventricle
the left ventricle is the _____
thickest wall of any other chamber
what is the aortic valve?
blood leaves the left ventricle by passing through the aortic valve into the ascending aorta
what is auscultation
technique of using a stethoscope to listen to the lubb-dupp heart sounds
the lubb sound of the heart is what?
the first sound you hear and is produced as the AV valves close at the start of ventricular systole
the dupp sound of the heart is what?
the second heart soundsthat occurs at the beginning of ventricular diastole, when the semilunar valves close
the third sound of the heart beat is associated with what?
blood flowing into the ventricle
the fourth sound of the heart is associated with what?
atrial contraction
what is coronary circulation?
supplies blood to the muscle tissue of the heart
systole
contraction
diastole
relaxation
what are nodal cells?
sinoatrial and atrioventicular
pacemaker cells are
rapidly depolarizing cells that are found in the SA node
acetylcholine (ACh) does what to the heart when released?
slows the heart rate
what does norepinepherine do to the heart when released?
increases the heart rate
define bradycardia
the term used to indicate a heart rate that is slower than normal.
define tachycardia
a faster than normal heart rate
what does the P wave symbolize?
depolarization of the atria
what does the QRS complex symbolize?
ventricles depolarize
what does the T wave symbolize?
indicates ventricular repolarization
