Chapter 9

Question 1

Forming concepts

Answer 1

Mental category based on similarities

Question 2

Prototypes

Answer 2

Best example of a group

Question 3

Trial and error

Answer 3

Just start randomly guessing

Question 4

Insight

Answer 4

Sudden flash of inspiration

Question 5

Algorithms

Answer 5

Step by step systematic approach guaranteed to give a right answer eventually

Question 6

Heuristics

Answer 6

Cognitive short cut, but no guarantee of a right answer but can save a lot of time

Question 7

Confirmation bias

Answer 7

Look only for info that confirms what we believe

Question 8

Fixation

Answer 8

Can’t stop looking at a problem in one narrow way

Question 9

Functional fixedness

Answer 9

Show lack of creativity about function of an object

Question 10

Availability heuristic

Answer 10

Judgement based on availability of info in our memory

Question 11

Overconfidence

Answer 11

Overestimating accuracy of current knowledge

Question 12

Framing

Answer 12

Present same info in different ways

Question 13

Belief perseverance

Answer 13

Tendency to cling to our beliefs

Question 14

Creativity

Answer 14

Ability to produce ideas that are neutral and valuable

Question 15

Language

Answer 15

Spoken/written/gestured way we communicate meaning

Question 16

Babbling

Answer 16

4 months

Question 17

1 word stage

Answer 17

1 year. Using word to communicate meaning

Question 18

2 word stage

Answer 18

2 years. Telegraphic speech, noun and verb

Question 19

sentences

Answer 19

Everything else

Question 20

When do we lose the ability to hear foreign sounds?

Answer 20

10 months

Question 21

Halophrase

Answer 21

1 word used for whole concept

Question 22

Environment (Skinner) in Language

Answer 22

Certain sounds are reinforced for

Question 23

Bio (Chomsky) in Language

Answer 23

Babies learn language too quickly for just reinforcement, exact grammar used that adults don’t use

Question 24

Animal Communication

Answer 24

Communication w/o grammar

Question 25

Linguistic determinism

Answer 25

Language shapes thinking

Question 26

Think in images

Answer 26

We can, but it’s difficult

Question 27

Intelligence

Answer 27

Ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

Question 28

Binet

Answer 28

Tested mental age for which kids would fall behind for France

Question 29

Terman (IQ)

Answer 29

Identify brighter military people who might make good officers

Question 30

Spearman’s “g” factor

Answer 30

One underlying intelligence factor

Question 31

Triarchic Theory (Sternburg)

Answer 31

Analytic, Creative, and Practical Intelligences

Question 32

Analytic intelligence

Answer 32

Traditional intelligence

Question 33

Creative intelligence

Answer 33

Insight and ability to see novel connections

Question 34

Practical intelligence

Answer 34

How you adapt to environment

Question 35

Multiple intelligences (Gardner)

Answer 35

Language, logical, musical, kinesthetic, spacial reasoning, interpersonal, interpersonal, naturalist

Question 36

Assessing intelligence (Wechler)

Answer 36

10 scales of verbal and nonverbal intelligence testing

Question 37

Standardized requirement

Answer 37

Tested on large representative group

Question 38

Reliability requirement

Answer 38

Generally consistent scores across more than one test

Question 39

Validity

Answer 39

Does it measure what it was designed to do?

Question 40

Genetic determinant of intelligence

Answer 40

Related people tend to score similarly

Question 41

Environment determinant of intelligent

Answer 41

Education