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Psy 201: Myers' Exploring Psychology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Axon

A

carries messages away to other neurons

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2
Q

Terminal buttons

A

Swellings at the tips of axons from which neurotransmitters are dispatched

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3
Q

Synapse

A

gap between neurons through which neurotransmitters carry neural impulses

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4
Q

Dendrites

A

Rootlike structures at the end of axons that receive neural impulses

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5
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Transmit information from sensory organs to the spinal cord and brain

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6
Q

Motor neurons

A

Transmit nerve impulses from the central nervous system to muscles and glands

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7
Q

Interneurons

A

Nerve cells within the central nervous system

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8
Q

Glial cells

A

support neurons and form the myelin sheath

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9
Q

Myelin sheath

A

A layer of protective insulation that covers the axons of certain neurons and helps speed transmission of nerve impulses

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10
Q

All-or-none principle

A

Neurons will fire or not (like a gun)

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11
Q

Central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

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12
Q

neuron body

A

center of neuron

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13
Q

ratio of Glial cells to neurons

A

9/1

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14
Q

action potential

A

electrical charge that travels down the axon

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15
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemicals that cross synapses

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16
Q

acetycholene

A

moves from motor neurons to muscles

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17
Q

endorphins

A

natural pain killers

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18
Q

What do drugs do?

A

mimic/ extend the effect of neurotransmitters

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19
Q

agonist

A

extends/excites/promotes effects

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20
Q

antagonist

A

blocks effects

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21
Q

homeostasis

A

normal resting state

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22
Q

Why is prolonged morphine use bad?

A

the body reduces how many endorphins it produces naturally

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23
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brain and spinal cord

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24
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Not Brain and spinal cord

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25
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

transmits sensory input and directs voluntary motor output

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26
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

automatic things

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27
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

arouses body

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28
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

calms us down

29
Q

endocrine system

A

glands and hormones

30
Q

adrenal glands

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenaline and noradrenaline)

31
Q

where are the adrenal glands?

A

above the kidneys

32
Q

pituitary gland

A

controls other glands

33
Q

What hormones does the pituitary gland release?

A

Growth, ones to make other glands release hormones, oxytocin

34
Q

What controls the pituitary gland?

A

The hypothalamus

35
Q

reticular formation

A

connects spinal cord to thalamus, controls arousal, sleep, and attention

36
Q

medulla

A

swelling at top of spinal cord, controls heart and breathing

37
Q

Where do nerves cross over to the other side of the brain

A

medulla

38
Q

Where is the cerebellum?

A

base of brain,

39
Q

thalamus

A

info form brain stem to cerebral cortex

40
Q

limbic system

A

hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus

41
Q

hippocampus

A

memory processing

42
Q

amygdala

A

on ends of hippocampus, aggression and fear

43
Q

hypothalamus

A

controls pituitary gland, below thalamus, regulates temperature, hunger, thirst; pleasure centers

44
Q

cerebral cortex

A

all lobes (wrinkly stuff)

45
Q

frontal lobe

A

front of brain, planning, decision-making, personality

46
Q

parietal lobes

A

behind frontal, association area

47
Q

occipital lobes

A

base, above cerebellum, visual info

48
Q

temporal lobes

A

auditory, divided in two

49
Q

motor cortex

A

sends out messages for motor movement

50
Q

sensory cortex

A

receives sensory info from body

51
Q

association area

A

routes info to correct areas of the brain

52
Q

Where is language controlled

A

left hemisphere

53
Q

aphasia

A

impaired language use due to damage on the left hemisphere

54
Q

damage to Broca’s area

A

can’t form words

55
Q

damage to Wernicke’s area

A

can’t interpret language

56
Q

split brain

A

the corpus callosum is severed

57
Q

corpus callosum

A

connects two hemispheres of brain

58
Q

Right hemisphere functions

A

spacial, insight, sense of self

59
Q

left hemisphere functions

A

language

60
Q

EEG(Electroencephalogram)

A

gives amplified record of waves of electrical activity in the brain

61
Q

PET(Positron Emission Tomograph) scan

A

color pics of brain, inject radioactive sugar

62
Q

MRI(Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

A

picture of soft tissues

63
Q

fMRI(functional)

A

shows brain activity by comparing blood flow

64
Q

biological psychologists

A

study links between behavior and biology

65
Q

treshold

A

level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

66
Q

nerve

A

bundle of axons

67
Q

neurogenesis

A

formation of new neurons

68
Q

epigenetics

A

environmental influences on gene expression

69
Q

what does the cerebellum do?

A

controls voluntary motor movement, balance, coordination

Psy 201: Myers' Exploring Psychology (14 decks)

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