Chapter 15 Flashcards
Psychiatrists
Medical degrees, prescribe meds
Social workers
Counseling with personal and family problems, trained within the system
Counselors
Masters/PhD in counseling, personal and family problems, deal with normal people
Clinical psychologists
PhDs in clinical psych, severe mental disorders, long term care
Psychotherapists
Not a real professional, no government requirements, freaky stuff
Psychological therapies
Talk therapies
Psychoanalysis
Insight therapy, underlying motivations, therapist must interpret
Free association
Patient verbalizes about whatever comes to mind
Resistance
Unconsciously try to keep secrets
Transference
Patient’s feelings toward someone are transferred to the therapist and they deal with the emotion through therapy
Criticisms to psychoanalysis
Slow and expensive
Humanistic therapy
Insight therapy, focusses on person and self esteem
Person-centered therapy
Low self esteem means no growth as a person, so must help people lead fulfilling lives
Active listening
Echo patient, shows them you’re listening
Unconditional positive regard
Completely non-judgemental to client
Criticisms to humanistic therapy
Not good for severe disorders of personality disorders
Group therapies
Same concept as humanistic therapy; AA, support groups, etc
Behavior therapies
Solve current problems and change behaviors
Classical conditioning (Counter)
Unlearn associations
Exposure therapies
Expose to what they’d like to avoid
Systematic desensitization
Taught to relax, start with exposures, replace anxiety with relaxation
Virtual reality
Systematic desensitization for fears like flying
Aversive conditioning
Dysfunctional positive regard for something, replace it with negative associations
Token economy
Rewarded for good behavior, punished for bad, but life does not really work like this, and behaviors may revert after therapy. Must remove privileges to earn them back
Cognitive therapies
Nonspecific fears and depression
Beck’s Depression therapy
Must break cycle of depression, change negative thinking
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Cognitive and behavioral changes to add to depression therapy (Get coffee with a friend)
Group and family therapies
Show that others have the same struggles
Evaluating psychotherapy
Most who receive therapy are better off than those who do not, but most people get better with time
Therapy provides…
Hope for demoralized people; New perspective on yourself; an empathetic, trusting, and caring individual
Anti-psychotics
Lower hallucinations, paranoia, block dopamine receptors in brain
Anti-anxiety meds
Alcohol-like depression of CNS activity without too much drowsiness; Over-prescribed, can cause abuse; focusses on symptoms
Anti-depressants
Blocks reabsorption of serotonin and norepinephrine, take 4 weeks for full effect
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Send electricity through the brain, used to be abused, don’t understand how it works, only used in extreme cases, involves some memory loss
Deep brain stimulation
Area between frontal cortex and limbic system; inhibits negative emotions
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Stimulates less active areas of the brain
Psychosurgery
Brain surgery, rare, irreversible, cut things, lobotomy(used to this too much and cut a lot) Today, use lasers
Therapeutic Life Change
Tricks body into feeling better, successful with depression
What activities help the brain to be less depressed?
Aerobic exercise, adequate sleep, light, social connections, anti-rumination, nutritional supplements
