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Psy 201: Myers' Exploring Psychology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Continuity vs stages

A

What parts of development are gradual, and when there are abrupt changes

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2
Q

Stability vs changes

A

What traits are stable and which show a lot of change

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3
Q

Maturation

A

Orderly sequence of biological growth

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4
Q

Teratogen

A

Harmful environmental substance during pregnancy

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5
Q

Reflexes

A

Genetically based behaviors

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6
Q

Rooting reflex

A

When cheek is stroked, infant will turn his head in that direction and opens his mouth

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7
Q

Sucking reflex

A

Something is placed by the mouth, infant will suck

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8
Q

Grasping reflex

A

When the palm is touched, infant makes a fist

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9
Q

Moro/ startle reflex

A

When infant is dropped, he will fling out his arms and legs and spread his fingers and toes

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10
Q

Walking reflex

A

When the infant’s weight is supported, he will move his legs and feet in a walking motion

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11
Q

Schema

A

concept/ way to organize information

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12
Q

Stages of cognitive development

A

Sensorimotor
Pre-operational
Concrete-operational
Formal operational

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13
Q

Sensorimotor

A

Discovering the world using developing senses and motor skills

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14
Q

When is the sensorimotor stage?

A

Birth- 2 years

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15
Q

Pre-operational

A

Egocentrism, play pretend, use symbols

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16
Q

When is the pre-operational stage?

A

2-7

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17
Q

Egocentrism

A

Cannot take another’s point of view

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18
Q

Concrete-operational

A

Math, thinking logically, conservation

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19
Q

When is the concrete-operational stage?

A

7-11

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20
Q

Conservation

A

Something maintains its amount even if the shape changes

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21
Q

Formal operational

A

Abstract thought, moral reasoning

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22
Q

When is the formal operational stage?

A

11-adulthood

23
Q

Attachment

A

Emotional bond of love and security in infancy

24
Q

Familiarity in infants

A

Prefer familiar faces

25
Q

Body contact in infants

A

Prefer body contact

26
Q

Parental Responsiveness is important for what?

A

Infant security

27
Q

Secure attachment

A

Tend to be more confident, outgoing, enthusiastic, persistent, and responsive

28
Q

Emotional deprivation

A

Abnormal development, didn’t socially connect with people

29
Q

Adolescence

A

Sexual maturity to achievement of adult status

30
Q

Piaget’s formal operations

A

Abstract thinking

31
Q

Kohlberg’s moral thinking

A

Stages of moral thinking

32
Q

Levels of moral thinking

A

Pre-conventional
Conventional
Post-conventional

33
Q

Pre-conventional

A

Morality of self-interest

34
Q

Conventional

A

Morality of laws and social rules

35
Q

Post-conventional

A

More complex morality

36
Q

Pre-conventional stages

A

Avoid punishment

Gain reward

37
Q

Conventional stages

A

Gain approval

Follow rules

38
Q

Post-conventional

A

Affirm agreed upon rights

Act on personal ethical principles

39
Q

What are criticisms to the levels of moral thinking

A 
Cannot predict behavior
Experiments based on white, middle-class men
40
Q

Who theorized social development

A

Erik Erikson

41
Q

When is ID vs Role Confusion?

A

Adolescence

42
Q

When is Intimacy vs Isolation?

A

Young Adulthood

43
Q

When is emerging adulthood?

A

18-25

44
Q

When is young adulthood?

A

25-40

45
Q

When is middle adulthood?

A

40-65

46
Q

When is late adulthood?

A

65+

47
Q

Cognitive changes

A

Cognitive abilities decline with age, but experience increases

48
Q

Cross-sectional research

A

Different people at different ages, all at the same point in time

49
Q

Longitudinal research

A

Begin with a group of people at one ages, reexamine them at different ages

50
Q

Midlife crisis

A

Pop culture thing; rare in real life

51
Q

Social clock

A

Cultural prescription of the right age to do something

52
Q

Two Dominant aspects of social development

A

love and work

53
Q

love

A

establishing long term relationships

54
Q

work

A

People are happier if they choose their own job

Psy 201: Myers' Exploring Psychology (14 decks)

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