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APUSH > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
0
Q

What was the Wilderness Road?

A

It was blazed by Daniel Boone, and made vehicle be able to cross Cumberland Gap into Kentucky

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1
Q

What were Conestogas?

A

Horse- drawn wagons

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2
Q

Walton Road?

A

A road that went into Tennessee

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3
Q

What did the Philly Lancaster Turnpike cause?

A

A movement for graded and paved roads

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4
Q

First commercially successful steamboat was the

A

Clermont, sent by a Robert R. Livingston and Robert Fulton

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5
Q

By bringing two way traffic on the Mississippi,

A

Steamboats created a transcontinental market and an agricultural empire that became the nation’s new breadbasket

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6
Q

The Erie Canal did what?

A

Drew eastward much of the Midwestern trade that earlier had been forced to make the long journey down the Ohio and Mississippi down to the Gulf of Mexico

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7
Q

Erie Cabal also further isolated

A

Deep South

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8
Q

What cooled the canal fever?

A

Financial panic of 1837 and subsequent depression

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9
Q

The railroad gained supremacy because of its

A

Speed, carrying capacity, and reliability

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10
Q

In addition, railroads could work

A

Year round

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11
Q

Perhaps most important, railroads connected what in 18th century had been

A

A chaos of local markets into an interconnected national market

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12
Q

In addition, railroads provided

A

New western settlement and increase in farming

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13
Q

What prompted the clipper boom?

A

The lure of Chinese tea

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14
Q

However, clippers

A

Lacked ample cargo space and would give way to steamship

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15
Q

The national government bought stock in turnpike and canal companies, and after the success of the Erie Canal,

A

Extended land grants to several western states for the support of canal projects

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16
Q

Technological advances helped improve

A

Living condition; houses could be larger, better heated, and better illuminated

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17
Q

Charles Goodyear did what?

A

Patented a process for vulcanizing rubber, which made the product stronger and more elastic

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18
Q

Elias Howe patented his design of

A

The sewing machine, improved by Isaac Merritt Stringer

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19
Q

Samuel F. B. Morse invented the

A

Telegraph

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20
Q

Eli Whitney did what?

A

Invented the cotton gin

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21
Q

The commercial growing of cotton for world markets

A

Revitalized the emphasis on plantation slavery

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22
Q

From mid 1830’s to 1860 cotton had become

A

Half of the country’s exports

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23
Q

Income from the North’s role in handling the cotton trade then provided

A

Surpluses for capital investment in new factories and businesses

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24
Q

National law of 1820, as a result of the panic of 1819

A

Reduced the price of federal land

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25
Q

What was preemption?

A

The right of squatters to purchase land at a minimum price

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26
Q

Graduation is

A

The progressive reduction of prices in land that didn’t sell immediately

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27
Q

Preemption Act of 1830

A

Squatter could get 160 acres at a minimum price of $1.25 per acre

28
Q

Graduation Act of 1854

A

Prices of unsold lands were to be lowered in stages over 30 years

29
Q

Jethro Wood developed the

A

Iron plow

30
Q

John Deere invited the

A

Steel plow

31
Q

Cyrus Hall McCormick developed

A

New mechanical seeders that replaced sowing seed by hand

32
Q

By reducing the number of farm workers, new agricultural technologies helped send

A

Displaced rural laborers to work in factories

33
Q

As a result to cheap imported British cloth

A

A demand of a tariff was demanded

34
Q

The efforts of the American mill owners to gain political assistance initiated a culture of industrial

A

Lobbying

35
Q

Adam explained in his WEALTH OF NATIONS

A

Consumers pay higher prices for imported goods, but also played high prices on domestic goods because local producers take advantage. Tariffs end up insulating American industries from competition

36
Q

Why did the North oppose the tariff?

A

Because it reduced shipping

37
Q

The South opposed it because

A

It would provoke Britain and France to provoke tariffs on their crops

38
Q

Tariff Bill of 1816

A

25 cent per yard duty on imported cloth

39
Q

What was the cause of a large amount of single women in NE?

A

Men moving westward

40
Q

What was the Lowell idea?

A

Provided a safe place to work for the girls

41
Q

Lowell lost its innocence because of

A

Mushrooming growth

42
Q

when textile prices and mill wages dropped

A

Relations between workers and managers deteriorated, causing strikes

43
Q

Cities are a great social achievement because

A

Because it allows the share of knowledge and mobilize capital. Allows it to foster innovation and wealth

44
Q

What were forms of urban recreation?

A

Pervasive drinking and blood sports

45
Q

Theaters were the most popular form of

A

Indoor entertainment. Women kept at home

46
Q

What were blackface minstrel shows?

A

It was where whites dressed up as blacks and prevailed racial stereotypes

47
Q

1845-54

A

Greatest proportional influx of immigrants

48
Q

Why did the Irish move to Maerican

A

Because of the Irish potato famine

49
Q

Most of the Irish arrivals had

A

Been tenant farmers, but they had little taste for framework and little money

50
Q

Relatively few immigrants went to the

A

South because of slavery

51
Q

Alexander T. Stewart

A

Irish immigrant who became the owner of the nation’s largest department store and accumulated vast amount of land in Manhattan

52
Q

Why were the Irish oppressed ?

A

Because they were catholic

53
Q

After becoming citizens the Irish formed

A

Powerful voting blocks

54
Q

Why did they find a hero in Andrew Jackson?

A

They both despised aristocracy, represented the common man

55
Q

Irish are important because they spread

A

Catholicism

56
Q

Germans included a large number of

A

Professional people (doctors, lawyers, etc.)

57
Q

What religion were Germans?

A

Catholic, Jewish, Protestant, agnostic, or atheist

58
Q

Germans tended to settle in

A

Rural areas

59
Q

Ferdinand Schumacher?

A

Peddling flaked oatmeal in Ohio and apart of Quaker Oats

60
Q

Heinrich Steinweg

A

Instrument maker

61
Q

Levi Strauss

A

Founder of Levi’s jeans

62
Q

What was some fears with Germans and Irish?

A

Germans were forming political radicalism and the Irish were forming ethnic voting blocs

63
Q

The Know Nothings demanded

A

The exclusion of immigrants and Catholics from public office and the extension of the period of citizenship from 5-21 years

64
Q

Anti-Catholic movement subsided when

A

Slavey became the focal issue

65
Q

Skilled workers in the US organized themselves by

A

Individual trades

66
Q

Henry Day declared that

A

The most important social functions in modern life were the professional skills

67
Q

Church groups and civic leaders started

A

Private academies

APUSH (21 decks)

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