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APUSH > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
0
Q

What was the Wilmot Proviso?

A

Ignited the festering debate over the extension of slavery. Basically said that slavery should be outlawed in the new territory

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1
Q

In the 1850s the US shared a

A

Passion for politics and political issues

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2
Q

Polk dismissed the Proviso as

A

Mischievous and foolish

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3
Q

Calhoun declared that getting rid of slavery would

A

Violate the Fifth Amendment, which forbids Congress to derive any person of liberty, life, and property

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4
Q

Popular sovereignty would take the

A

Contentious issue of allowing slavery in new territories out of the national arena and put it in the hands of those affected

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5
Q

Territorial status for Oregon was delayed because

A

Its provisional government had excluded slavery

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6
Q

President Polk signed the bill on the principle that Oregon was

A

North of 36 30

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7
Q

The Democratic Party simply denied

A

The power of congress to interfere with slavery in the states and criticized anti-slavery activists to bring the question before Congress

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8
Q

Free soil in the new territories, rather than abolition ing in the slave states for those who opposed slavery, cuz

A

The Northwest Ordinance snd Missouri Compromise supported honored precedents for doing so

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9
Q

The free soil party was formed by

A

Rebellious Northern Democrats, anti-slavery Whigs, and members of the Liberty Party

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10
Q

Free Soil elected

A

Martin Van Buren

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11
Q

The infusion of California gold into the US economy helped

A

Finance the Union military effort in the Civil War

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12
Q

The gold rush also shifted the nation’s center of gravity

A

Westward, spurred the construction of railroads and telegraph lines, and excited dreams of a an empire based in the Pacific

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13
Q

In California, few were

A

Interested in establishing a permanent settlement. Most were unmarried men

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14
Q

Those women who lived in the camps,

A

Demand a premium for their work

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15
Q

Decided to use California’s statehood request as a lever

A

To end the stalemate in Congress brought by the slavery issue

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16
Q

What was Clay’s Compromise in 1850?

A

Admit Cali as a free state, organize the territories of New Mexico and Utah for popular sovereignty, deny Texas of their extreme claim to New Mexico, to compensate Texas by having a federal government pay the pre-annexation Texas debts, retain slavery in DOC, abolish slave trade there, adopt a more effective fugitive slave law, deny congressional authority to interfere with a state slave trade

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17
Q

The Fugitive Slave Act as part of the Compromise of 1850

A

Strengthened the hand of slave catchers; it offered a strong temptation to kidnap free blacks in northern free states

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18
Q

The slaves could not get a

A

Jury trial

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19
Q

Uncle Tom’s Cabin written because of the

A

Fugitive Slave Act of 1850

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20
Q

The novel UTC depicts a combination

A

Of unlikely saints and sinners, stereotypes, fugitive slaves, and melodramatic escapedes, and made the reality of the story brutal

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21
Q

At the time of publication of UTC,

A

The country was enjoying a surge of prosperity fueled by California gold

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22
Q

In the election of 1852 the Democrats chose

A

Franklin Pierce, the whigs Millard Fillmore, Northern Whigs chose Winfield Scott, and John Hale for the free soilers

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23
Q

Franklin Pierce

A

Fought in the Mexican War,, promoted Western expansion, but unable to unite the warring factions of his party

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24
Q

By the Gadsen Purchase of 1853,

A

The US paid Mexico 10 million for land offering a likely route for a transcontinental railroad

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25
Q

Jefferson Davis favored the

A

Gadsen Purchase for the railroad, and go through the territories granted to the Indians

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26
Q

Douglas, favored a

A

That Chicago should be the transcontinental railroad’s eastern terminus

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27
Q

Stephen Douglas introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Acr,

A

That allowed them to have popular sovereignty

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28
Q

Douglas’s motive for this act include

A

Railroads and popular sovereignty would quiet the slavery issue, and open the Great Plains to development

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29
Q

In abandoning the Missouri Compromise and allowing people to chose slavery, Douglas

A

Renewed sectional tensions and forced moderate political leaders to align with the extremes

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30
Q

In the end the K-N act would

A

Destroy the Whig party, fragment the Democratic party, and spark a territorial civil war in Kansas

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31
Q

The tragic flaw in Douglas’s reasoning was his failure to appreciate the

A

Trowing intensity of anti-slavery sentiment spreading across the country

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32
Q

Sam Houston denounced the K-N act because

A

It denounced the Missouri Compromise, and confirmation of territory dedicated to the Indians

33
Q

Many in the North reasoned that if the Missouri Compromise was not

A

A sacred pledge, then neither was the Fugitive Slave Act

34
Q

Anthony Burns

A

Was caught. He was put on trial and was marched to Virginia. It was heavily protested against and was the most dramatic demonstration against the act

35
Q

Republican party was formed from

A

Northern Whigs and Free Soilers

36
Q

Southern Whigs formed the

A

Know Nothing Party

37
Q

In Kansas, the law said nothing about the timing of any decision,

A

Which gave a sense of urgency to take control of the territory

38
Q

The governor denounced the pro-slavery vote as a fraud, but

A

Didn’t do anything to avoid getting killed

39
Q

The territorial legislature expelled

A

Its few anti slavery members, adopted a drastic slave code, and made it a capital offense to aid a fugitive slave and a felony to question the legality of slavery

40
Q

A state government in Topeka

A

Drafted a state constitution excluding both slavery and feee blacks from Kansas, and applied for admission. There were now two governments in Kansas

41
Q

What was the Pottawatomie Massacre?

A

It was when John Brown and bis anti-slavery followers hacked five me to death. It set off a guerrilla in the Kansas Territory that lasted through fall

42
Q

Missouri ruffians then assualted

A

Osawatomie Kansas where they looted and shot Fredrick Brown

43
Q

A pro slavery mob did what on Lawrence?

A

Destroyed newspaper presses, set fire to the governor’s house, stole property, and damaged the Free-State Hotel

44
Q

Sumner insulted slave owners

A

Got caned by Preston Brooks

45
Q

The beating of the Sumner lead many northerners

A

To go to the Republican Party

46
Q

The Republicans

A

Were against slavery, favored a funding of a transcontinental railroad, and more government financed internal improvements

47
Q

Pierce struggled with

A

Alcoholism and self doubt

48
Q

In 1860, the Democrats chose

A

James Buchanan a former senator and secretary of state

49
Q

The Democratic Platform of 1860 did what?

A

Endorsed the Kansas-Nebraska Act, called for vigorous enforcement of the fugitive slave act, and Congress should not endorse in slavery

50
Q

The Democratic party reached out to the

A

Irish and German voters by condemning nativism and endorsing religious liberty

51
Q

His long quest for presidency had been built on

A

His commitment on states rights and his aggressive promotion of territorial expansion

52
Q

Buchanan believed that

A

Saving the Union depended upon concessions to the South

53
Q

What were the three major events in Buchanan’s presidency!

A

Dred Scott, new troubles in Kansas, and a financial panic that lead the US into a financial panic

54
Q

What happened in the Dred Scott case?

A

When his owner died, Dred Scott tried to buy his freedom. Jury decided in his favor. Chief Justice Roger B. Taney ruled that Scott lacked citizenship, as did all of his foreign slaves. Taney argued that the Missouri Compromise had deprived citizens of property by prohibiting slavery in selected states, an action not warranted by the Constitution

55
Q

What Dred Scott case

A

First time that a law (Missouri Compromise) was declared unconstitutional, challenged popular sovergenity. If congress itself could not exclude slavery from a territory, then presumably neither could a territoral government created by an act of Congress

56
Q

Republicans protested Dred Scott because it

A

Nullified their anti slavery program

57
Q

Congress had an obligation to protect the property of slaveholders, making a federal slave code

A

The next step in the militant effort to end slavery

58
Q

President Buchanan

A

Endorsed the pro slavery Lecompton convention

59
Q

Stephen Douglas favored with the Republicans because

A

The people of Kansas were denied to vote on the issue

60
Q

Even though the convention was highly against the Lecompton Constitution

A

It was passed because of Buchanan’s support.

61
Q

However, Democrats put through a supervised popular vote for Kansas,

A

Where anti slavery won

62
Q

The panic of 1857 happened because

A

Of a reduction in foreign demand for American grain, overly aggressive railroad construction, a surge in manufacturing production that outran the growth of market demand, and the confusion by the state banknote system. The Failure of the Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Company precipitated the panic and lead to a financial slump

63
Q

Northern businessmen tended to blame the depression on the

A

Democratic Tariff of 1857, which had cut rates on imports

64
Q

The result was that

A

Cotton reinforced its importance and that slave based agriculture was far superior in the North

65
Q

What was the debate about?

A

Popular sovergnity vs against further expansion of slavery

66
Q

How did Douglas answer Lincoln’s question on how he could reconcile popular sovereignty with the Dred Scott decision, when citizens had the right to carry citizens from every territory?

A

Freeport Doctrine- whatever the Supreme Court said about slavery, it could not exist anywhere unless supported by local police regulations

67
Q

Lincoln insisted that the

A

Union could not exist wit it being half slave and half free

68
Q

John Potter

A

Scalped a Mississippi Congressman

69
Q

John Brown had a furtive existence,

A

Acquiring money and weapons from prominent New England sympathizers

70
Q

John Brown claimed he was

A

Carrying out a divine mission on a behalf of a vengeful God

71
Q

What Was Brown’s plan at Harper’s Ferry?

A

Ludicrous plan was to seize teh arsenal then arm thousands of slaves in the area. Would set up a black stronghold in the mountains of western Virginia, thus providing a nucleus of support to inspire soave insurrections across the South

72
Q

What Brown and his soldiers did?

A

His soldiers of a vengeful God actually did was take the town by surprise, cut the telegraph lines, and take control of the railroad station, musket factory, rifle world and arsenal

73
Q

Few actually called To Brown’s call to arms, and

A

Were surrounded. Watson, his son, raised the white, hoping to trade hostages for his freedom, but angry crowd shot them both. Confused shooting ensued and were put down

74
Q

Brown achieved two things

A

Became a martyr of the anti slavery cause, and set off a panic of the slaveholding South

75
Q

John Brown’s raid led the rebellion to

A

War

76
Q

Another effect of John Brown’s raid was that

A

South was afraid of slave revolt and pro slavery southerners were encouraged to equate the militant abolitionism of John Brown with the Republican partu

77
Q

The Democrats nominated

A

Northern- Douglas, Southern- Breckinridge

78
Q

William Seward was not chosen because

A

He was tagged as an extremist for his earlier statements about an irrepressible conflict over slaveryv

79
Q

The Republican Party platform debounced

A

The Dred Scott decision and John Brown’s raid. It also promised the right of each state to order and control its own domestic institutions

APUSH (21 decks)

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