Chapter 7 Flashcards
They were much more free blacks
As a result of the social turmoil during the Revolutionary war
Overall the United States in 1790
Was predominantly rural society 82% of households were involved in agricultural production
Why did Pres. Washington assume office
He felt he had been summoned by his country
Although John Adams criticize Washington for being too ill literate Washington possessed
Virtues that Adams liked
Washington also possessed
Political skills convincing the Continental Congress to keep his army supplied
What did Washington appeal for in his inauguration
National unity and pleading the new Congress to abandon local prejudices and party animosities in order to create a national outlook necessary for the republic to survive
For the department of state Washington appointed
Jefferson
For secretary of treasury
Pick Alexander Hamilton
Edmund Randolph fill the new position
Attorney general
Congress set the membership of highest court to
Six members and five associates and created 13 federal district courts
Who was the first chief justice
John jay
Who requested a Bill of Rights
Massachusetts New York Virginia and North Carolina
Who proposed the Bill of Rights
Madison
The first eight amendments to the Constitution provided
Safeguards for specified rights of individuals including freedom of religion press speech and assembly
Ninth and 10th amendments address the demand for
Specific statements and the numeration of rights in the Constitution shall not be constructed to deny or disparage others retained by the people
The man who drafted an amended the constitution
No direct mention of God
They were determined to protect
Freedom of religion from government and Fred was interference or coercion
Governments have three basic ways to raise money to pay their bills
They can impose taxes they can borrow money by selling interest pain government bonds and they can print money
To raise government money Hamilton believe
United States needed to unleash the energy in the Bashan of its citizens so as to create a vibrant economy driven by the engines of capitalism
Hamilton insisted that the state debts from the revolution were a
National responsibility because all Americans had benefit from the war for Independence
Hamilton also believed that a government commitment to repay its debts would give
Investors a direct stake in the success of the new national government
A national debt he claimed would serve
Mechanism for national unity and prosperity
Hamiltons controversial first report on public credit made two met commandments
It called for funding the federal debt at face value which meant that citizens holding deflated war bonds could exchange them for new interest-bearing bonds and second I declare that the federal government should assume state debts from the revolution
Madison was troubled by Hamiltons economical system
Because it would make speculative investors become the chief beneficiaries
New England with the largest unpaid debts stood to be
The greatest beneficiary of Hamiltons plan for the federal government to pay off the state debts
Madison had another alternative which was
How the government assumes state debts as they stood in 1783 at the conclusion of the Peace treaty
In return for northern votes in favor of locating the permanent national capital of on the Potomac River
Madison pledge to seek enough southern votes to pass the debt assumption plan
Hamiltons financing scheme was in
Immediate success
What did the second of the reports of public credit include
Proposal for a liquor tax to raise revenue to recommended a national Bank and a national mint
What was the report on manufactures
It proposed an extensive programof government aid and other encouragement to stimulate the development of manufacturing and prizes so as to reduce the dependence imported goods
What were the three priorities of the bank
To serve as a secure repository for government funds and facilitate the transfer of money to other nations to provide loans to the federal government and two other banks to facilitate economic development and to manage the nation’s money supply by regulating the money issuing activities of state-chartered banks
I holding government bonds and using them for collateral
The national Bank could issue banknotes thereby providing a national currency that would address the chronic shortage of gold and silver coins
Why did Madison oppose the national Bank
There is no basis in the Constitution for a national Bank
The national Bank demonstrated the differences between the north and the south
Because the north favorite at it but the South opposed it
What were the main questions with the national Bank
Should there be a strict or broad construction of the Constitution or the powers of Congress only those explicitly stated or were others implied
In the last of us celebrate reports the report on manufactures
He set in place of the capstone of his design firm of a modern national economy: governmental encouragement of manufacturing enterprises
What were several advantages that Hamilton believed manufactures could do
It would bring diversification to an economy dominated by agriculture improve productivity by the greater use of machinery provide paperwork for those not ordinarily employed outside the house encourage immigration to provide industrial workers create more opportunities for entrepreneurship and expanded domestic market
To nurture industrial development Hamilton endorse the imposition of
Tariffs on foreign imports
Hamilton also urged the federal government to
Find improvements in transportation including development of roads canals and rivers for commercial traffic
Republicans worried about the threat to
Individual freedoms and states rights posed by a strong central government
What were the main differences between Hamilton and Jefferson
Hamilton feared anarchy and loves the building Jefferson feared tyranny and love liberty
Americans viewed the French Revolution with
Sympathy as a reminded them of the American Revolution
The much celebrated front experiment and liberty equality and fraternity began to transform
Itself into a monster
Thomas Jefferson wholeheartedly endorse
The efforts of the French revolutionaries to replace the market with the republican form of government
The French Revolution also transform international relationships and set in
Motion a series of complex European wars that would frustrate the desire of the young United States to remain neutral and won’t
By the 1778 treaty of alliance do United States was a
How are your friends obligated to defend European nations possessions in the west Indies
Why did America want to stay neutral
To maintain lucrative trade with both sides
In addition the American had no
Navy To support the war
What was Hamilton’s answer to the Revolutionary War?
Declare the French alliance formed during the American Revolution invalid because it had been made with the French government with that no longer exist
However Jefferson wanted to delay
And use the alliance as a bargaining point with the British
Washington in the end took
Neither side and instead declared United States friendly and a partial towards the belligerent powers and warned the citizens of the US that they might be prosecuted. For aiding or abetting hostilities
Austin’s proclamation brought to a boil the feud
Hamilton and Jefferson as Jefferson dashed off and every letter to James Madison urging as I want to take up your pen and cut Hamilton to pieces in the newspapers
What did Citizen Genet do?
He had recruited privateers the captured British ships and also conspired with the frontiersman and let land speculators to organize attack on Spanish Florida and Louisiana
When radicals again power in France they send agents to America to
Arrest Genet
Jefferson was so disgusted by Pres. Washington’s refusal to support the French Revolution that he he
Resign from Secretary of State
What did Jay’s treaty promise
Excepted the British definition of neutral rights that exports of our pitch and other products needed for warships for contraband and that military products cannot go in neutral ships to enemy ports, French privateers would not be outfitted in American imports, The British need not compensate US citizens for the enslaved African Americans during the Revolutionary war and that pre-Revolutionary war debts would be paid
What were the political parties view of the Jay’s Treaty
The Democratic Republicans favored France and it’s a war with Britain and was furious as they claimed the treaty was unconstitutional
74% of those voting against the treaty
Southerners
Who led the march into the Indian country with some 2600 men and built fort Greenville
Anthony Wayne
What was the battle of fallen timbers
It was a battle between the Americans and the Indians the Americans repulsed them and then destroy their fields and villages Indians frustrated by their inability to stop the relentless with the white sellers encroaching on the tribal lands finally reached the Treaty of Greenville
What was the Treaty of Greenville
United States bought from 12 tribes the rights to the South eastern corner of Northwest territory
Alexander Hamilton’s federal tax on liquor
Infuriated frontiersmen because it taxed their most profitable commodity
How did the rebels respond to the tax
Burn the house of the federal tax collector and destroy the skills of those who paid the whiskey tax, stopped court proceedings and assault on Pittsburgh
Excessive force use against the frontiersman led many
To become Republicans
What was Pickney treaty
It one of substance of the boundary of the 31st parallel open access for Americans to ship goods on the Mississippi River the right to transport goods to New Orleans and a promise by each side to refrain from inciting attacks on the other side
What were the two viewpoints on the matter of land policy
Somehow that federal land should serve mainly as a source of revenue where as others thought it was more important to get the new country settle quickly and an endeavor that require dlow land prices
What was the land act of 1796
Congress extended the rectangle or surveys ordained in 1785 and doubled the price to 2 dollars per acre. It was well beyond the means of ordinary settlers in a bit much even for speculators
What was the land act of 1800
Produce the Mendham unit two 320 acres and sprite payments over four years
What was Land act of 1804
The Mendham unit was reduced to hundred and 60 acres and the price per acre went down to a dollar 64
What were washington’s main achievements
He organized a new national government security national treasury recovery of territory from Britain and Spain a stable washing frontier and the admission of Vermont Kentucky and Tennessee
What did Washington’s farewell address call for
Unity among the people
Washington opposed
Permanent foreign alliances
The Federalist counter that Jefferson was
A French loving atheist eager to insight another war with Great Britain
Also charge that the philosophical Jefferson was
Not decisive enough
Hamilton hatched on and impulsive scheme that said
Pinckney would be more subject to his influence than would the strong minded Adams
John Adams inherited an undeclared naval war with
France a byproduct of Jay’s Treaty
What was the XYZ affair
It was when the Americans try to compensate with France but the negotiations can only begin if the US paid a bribe of $250,000
What was the response to the XYZ affair
It’s slogan was millions for defense but not one cent for tribute
It was so bad that many Republicans
Quit making excuses for France
Congress responded to the affair
By authorizing the capture of French ships, suspended commerce with France and suspended the 1778 treaty of alliance
As a result of the nation patriotism with patriotism and war fever
Militias March and both mobilized and a navy began to emerge
By the end of the year and undeclared naval war
Have begun in the West Indies with the French capture of an American schooner
Adams relented but expressed his disgust
For naming Hamilton general as he was the most restless intriguer of United States if not the world thus the rift among the Federalist widened further
What was the convention of 1800
And return of giving up all claims of indemnity for American losses they got official suspension of the 1778 perpetual alliance with France and the end of the navel conflict with France
What were the alien sedition acts
Limited freedom of speech and the press and the liberty of the aliens they were goaded by his wife and Adam signed the controversial statute
What did Timothy Pickering claim
Claim that Adams had acted without consulting any member of government because he knew that we should all be opposed to the measure
By succumbing to the partisan hysteria and by enacting the vindictive acts
Adam seemed to not do well for his country
The naturalization act
Like then from 5 to 14 years the residential requirement for American citizenship
The alien enemies act
Authorize the president in time for the declared war to expel or in prison enemy aliens
The sedition act
Defined as a high misdemeanor and a conspiracy against legal measures of the government
The sedition act was designed
To punish Republicans Federalist lumped together with French revolutionary radicals and American traitors
Accuse Republicans based their defense
On the unconstitutionally of the sedition act
What were the Kentucky and Virginia resolutions
Denounced the alien station acts as alarming infractions of human rights
The Virginia resolutions drafted by James Madison
Declare that states have the right and are in duty to impose the progress of the evil
