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APUSH > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
0
Q

The combination of widespread religious energy and fervent social idealism brought

A

Major reforms and advances in human rights during the first half of the 19th century

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1
Q

Christian activists assumed that the US had a

A

God-mandated virtue to provide the world example of republican virtue

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2
Q

Enlightenment rationalism stressed

A

Humankind’s inherit goodness rather than its depravity and encouraged a belief in social progress and the promise of individual perfectibility

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3
Q

French revolution increased

A

Deism

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4
Q

Buy the use of reason deists could

A

Grasp the natural laws governing the universe

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5
Q

Unitarianism is

A

The belief that emphasized the oneness and benevolence of a loving God, humankind, and the primacy over religious creeds and organized churches

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6
Q

Unitarians believed Jesus was not

A

Divine

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7
Q

Universalism was

A

Founded by John Murray and focuses on the salvation of people, not just a selected few

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8
Q

Anglicanism was on the

A

Demise

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9
Q

What sparked the Second Great Awakening?

A

Fears of secularism

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10
Q

Timothy Dwight helped

A

Spark the Second Great Awakening

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11
Q

What Protestant denominations sparked after SGA?

A

Baptists and Methodists

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12
Q

What was the main message of SGA?

A

Salvation is available to everyone

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13
Q

SGA in the frontier had two religious phenomena

A

The backwoods circuit-riding teacher and the camp meeting

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14
Q

Women especially flocked to

A

These events

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15
Q

Presbyterianism was entrenched among

A

The Scots-Irish

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16
Q

The Baptists embraced

A

A simplicity of doctrine and organization that appealed especially to the rural people

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17
Q

Baptists theology was grounded in the

A

Infallibility of the Bible and the recognition of human depravity

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18
Q

The Methodists shared with the Baptists that

A

The belief that everyone could gain an act of free will, established a much more centralized church structrue

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19
Q

Methodists developed

A

The traveling minister on horseback

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20
Q

The largest camp meetings tended to be

A

Ecumenical affairs

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21
Q

Dwelling in camp meetings distorts an activity

A

That offered a redemptive social outlet to isolated rural folk

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22
Q

Evangelical ministers repeatedly applauded the

A

Spiritual energies of women and affirmed their right to give public witness to the faith

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23
Q

The energies of the revivals helped spread a more

A

Democratic faith among people

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24
Q

Finney wrestled with the question of

A

What role can the individual play in earning salvation

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25
Q

Finney’s answer

A

The sinner must choose salvation by embracing the promises of Jesud

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26
Q

Finney compared bis theatrical methods with those of campaigning

A

Politicians who used advertising and showmanship to attract attention

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27
Q

Finney organized social reform groups that

A

Wanted to reform social ills: including alcoholism and slavery

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28
Q

How was the book of mormon discovered?

A

Reported an angel named Moroni led him to a hillside near his father’s farm and unearthed golden tablets

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29
Q

What did Mormons believe?

A

No hell, rejected all other dominations, and the Second coming was imminent

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30
Q

In result to the persecution of Mormons,

A

Moved to Commerce, Illinois

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31
Q

By the end of 1848, the Mormons had developed

A

An efficient irrigation system and brought greening to the desert

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32
Q

Immanuel Kant

A

Gave the transatlantic Romantic movement a summary definition in the title of his Critique of Pure Reason. Emphasized the limits of science and reason

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33
Q

Transcendentalism was a reaction against

A

Calvinist Orthodoxy and the corpse cold rationalism of Unitarianism

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34
Q

What Was the truest piety

A

A pure form of personal spirituality, which had been corrupted by religion

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35
Q

Harmony with

A

Nature. Realize divine potential in God’s teachers

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36
Q

Emerson was determined to

A

Transcend the limitations of inherited conventions and rationalism in order to penetrate the inner recesses of the self

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37
Q

Thoreau displayed a sense of uncompromising

A

Integrity, outdoor vigor, and prickly individuality

38
Q

Thoreau did not live life as a hermit, as he

A

Often welcomed guests and came to them for dinner

39
Q

Thoreau and the other transcendentalism taught a powerful lesson:

A

People mist follow their conscience

40
Q

Transcendentalists portrayed the movement as

A

A profound expression of moral idealism, critics dismissed it as egotism

41
Q

in the 1840 census,

A

78% of the population could read and write, and 91% of the white population could read and white

42
Q

Most children were taught to read

A

In church or in private dame schools

43
Q

The Workingmen’s party of Philly argued that education

A

Would improve manners and at the same time reduce crime rate

44
Q

Horace Mann did what?

A

Led the early drive for statewide school systems. He prompted the public school system as the way to achieve social stability and equal oppurtunity

45
Q

North Carolina led the way in

A

State supported education

46
Q

South continued to reflect the

A

Aristocratic pretensions. The south had more college students than other region, but smaller public schools

47
Q

However, conditions for public education was

A

Seldom ideal.

48
Q

Boston English High School was the first free

A

Public secondary school, set up mainly for those students who don’t plan on attending college

49
Q

By law in 1827, Mass. required

A

A high school in every town over 500, and in towns over 4000 college preparatory course like Latin, Greek, and rhetoric

50
Q

The urge to eradicate evil had its roots in the widespread sense of

A

Spiritual zeal and moral mission, which on turn drew upon the growing faith in human perfectibility promoted by both revivalists and Romantic idealsists

51
Q

The rise of an urban middle class offered affluent

A

Women greater time to devote to social emotions

52
Q

The american society for the promotion of temperance, which

A

Organized lectures, press campaigns, an essay contest, and the formation of local and state societies

53
Q

The absolutists of temperance

A

Would brook no compromise with Demon Rum and carried the day with a resolution that liquor was evil and ought to prohibited by law

54
Q

Asylums arose

A

To treat and cure social ills, a result of Romanticism

55
Q

What would the penitentiary do?

A

Where the guilt experience penitence and underwent rehabilitation, not punishment

56
Q

The discipline offered at Auburn Penitentiary (isolation)

A

Had a beneficial effect on the prisoners and saved money

57
Q

The insane were usually

A

Confined at home with hired keepers or jails in almshouses

58
Q

Catherine Beecher did what?

A

A leader in the education movement and founder of women’s schools in Connecticut and Ohio, and published A Treatise on Domestic Economy, prescribing the domestic sphere for women

59
Q

According to some, a middle class home gave women a

A

Sphere of independence in which they might exercise a degree of initiative and leadership

60
Q

Who were the two moral reformers and advocates of women’s tights?

A

Laucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton

61
Q

What did the Seneca Falls Convention emphasize

A

A part in the Declaration of Independence called Declaration of Sentiments. All men and women are created equal

62
Q

Seneca Falls represented an

A

Important first step

63
Q

Still, after women could control their own property, women were in

A

Nursing or teaching

64
Q

Believing religious fervor to be a sign of inspiration from the Holy Ghost, Mother Ann Lee

A

And her followers had strange fits in which they saw visions and prophesied. They had a dance, hence the name shakers

65
Q

Shaker doctrine held God to a dual personality:

A

In christ the masculine side was manifested, and mother ann the feminist side

66
Q

Shakers farms were among the

A

Leading sources of garden seed and medical herbs while their manufactured goods, were prized for their simple beauty

67
Q

What did John Humphrey Noyes believe in?

A

That sexual intercourse can be practiced by all of the community

68
Q

Brook Farm grew out of the

A

Transcendentalist movement

69
Q

Brook Farms’ residents would share

A

The tasks of maintaining the buildings, tending the fields, and preparing the fields

70
Q

Utopian communities quickly ran out of

A

Steam

71
Q

The communal social experiments, performed in relative isolation, had

A

Little effect on the outside world, where reformers wrestled worh the sins of the multitude

72
Q

The American Colonization Society proposed to

A

Return freed slaves to Africa

73
Q

Why did some support this?

A

It would bolster slavery by getting rid of free blacks

74
Q

Lloyd Garrison launched the

A

Liberator

75
Q

During the 1830s Garrison became the nations’s most

A

Fervent foe of slavery

76
Q

Who made up Garrison’s army?

A

Evangelical Christians

77
Q

Who funded the abolitionist papers

A

Arthur and Lewis Tappan

78
Q

The American Anti Slavery Society created a

A

National network of newspapers, offices, chapters, and activists

79
Q

What did the society stressed

A

Slaveholding is a heinous crime in the sight of God

80
Q

What did David Walker do?

A

Published Walker’s Appeal, which denounced the hypocrisy of Christians in the slaveholding south

81
Q

Other reformers saw the American Society as

A

Fundamentally sound and concentrated on purging it from slavery

82
Q

Sarah and Angelina Grimké provoked

A

The Congregational Clergy of Mass. to chastise them for engaging in unfeminine activity

83
Q

Douglass started an abolitionist newspaper for blacks, the

A

North Star

84
Q

What was the Underground Railroad?

A

Grew into a vast system of secret routes and safe stopping places thag concealed runaways and spirited them to freedom,

85
Q

Harriet Tubman risked

A

Everything to venture back to the South 19 times and helped three hundred slaves escape

86
Q

Sojourner Truth was able to speak about

A

The evils of peculiar institution and the inequality of women

87
Q

Truth also tapped the

A

Distinctive energies that women brought to reformist causes

88
Q

One shrewd strategy was to deluge

A

Congress with petitions calling for the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia

89
Q

The evangelical Christian Churches in the South

A

Gradually turned pro slavery

90
Q

What dis JCC say that slavery was good?

A

That Americans saved blacks from their unorganized civilizations and that white supremacy would be compromised

91
Q

Blacks also couldn’t work in

A

Freedom

92
Q

Whigs were against

A

Slavery

APUSH (21 decks)

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