Chapter 14 Flashcards
WHH was elected mainly because of his
Strong military background and his evasiveness on volatile issues
William Henry Harrison was the first
Whig to enter office
Clay sought to rill Harrison’s cabinet with
Friends he could manipulate
Before being president, Tyler served a long career in
A state legislator, governor, congressman, and senator.
Tyler could have been called an Old Republican because
He hated the american system, endorsed state’s rights, a strict construction of the Constitution, and territorial expansion
John Tyler was a
Southerner first and foremost
Tyler broke away from the Democratic party because
Tyler believed South Carolina had every right to secede
Clay introduced a series of resolutions designed to
Supply the platform that the Whig party had evaded in the election. Clay proposed ending the Independent Treasury Act, and establishing a new Bank of the United States, and other aspects of the american system
Tyler responded by refusing the national bank but allowing the end of the Independent Treasury and a high tariff. What happened next?
Clay convinced Tyler’s entire cabinet to resign and Tyler hired a bunch of anti-jackson democrats. This lead to even more violence and Tyker was expelled from both parties
Webster-Ashburton Treaty did what?
Provided for joint naval patrols off Africa to suppress the outlawed slave trade and also settled the contested boundary between Maine, where he got about 7/12 of it
What is manifest destiny?
God deemed that the US should extend itself from the Atlantic to the Pacific
How many Indians inhabited the Land in 1840?
325,000
Plains Indians were
Horse borne nomads
Pueblo Tribes were
Sophisticated farmers who lived in adobe villages along the rivers that irrigated their crops
The Apache and Navajo were
Warlike hunters who roamed the countryside in small bands and attacked Pueblos
Along the California coast, Indians
Gathered wild plants and acorns and were adapt to fishing in rivers and bays.
Pacific Northwest enjoyed
The most natural resources and temperate climate.
What did the white settlers do that threatened the Indians?
Kill buffalo
After Mexico became independent
Localism and corruption flourished and Americans were ready to take advantage of their instability
American fur traders streamed in to
New Mexico and Arizona for beaver
In 1848 Americans made up
Half of the non indian population in California
Fur traders were especially drawn to the
Vast watershed of the Missouri River
What is the rendezvous system?
Trappers, traders, and Indians from the Rocky Mountains gathered to trap pelts and hides
By 1849 the beavers
Were near extinct near the rovers
Mountain men
Abandoned civilization in pursuit of beaver pelts and revert to a primitive existence in the wilderness
Convention of 1818, the two countries had agreed to
A joint occupation
What caused Oregon fever?
Its fertile, soil, plentiful rainfall, and magnificent rainforests
Californians took comfort in the fact that Mexico City was so far away that it would
Exercise little control. Californians staged ten revolts against the Mexican government dispatched to lord over them
In 1824 Mexico passed a colonization act that granted
Hundred of rancho estates to Mexican settlers
John Sutter, a native of Switzerland built
New Helvetia, the baronial estate, worked by local Indians, became a magnet for America
In 1821, commerce between Mexico and US flourished with
The Santa Fe Trail to St. Louis
Amelia Knight had a diary of what horrors during the ride to the West?
Cholera, starvation, a grave every 80 yards
What was the Fort Laramie Treaty?
The government promised to provide an annual cash payment to the Indians as compensation for the damaged land. The Indians agreed to stop harassing whites, allowed federal forts to be built,mand confine themselves to a specific area
What did the Fort L. treaty foreshadow?
Reservation concept that would define Indian life
John Frémont did what thongs?
He found paths that mountain me showed him, mapped the eastern half of the Oregon Trail with Christopher Carson, he launched a molitary expedition which gained wide circulation and played a crucial role in prompting the mass migration of American settlers
Stephen F. Austin promised to
Create a buffer between the Comanches and the settlements to the South
The Law of April 6, 1830, outlawed
Further immigration into Texas and encouraged Mexicans to mograte North. Illegal immigrants started to come in
Santa Anna did what?
Opposed slavery and got rid of his cabinet, making him a dictator
Anna also wanted all Texans
Out, which later caused the war
The Alamo was led by
William B. Travis
What did the Texan Declaration of Independence declare?
An interim government
The entire of the Mexican army was killed in
The Battle of San Jacinto
The Lone Star republic did what?
Allowed slavery, no free blacks, drafted a Constitution,mand demanded annexation
There were only two choices for the struggling republic?
Join the US,mir close economic ties with Britain
Many white settlers were attracted to Texas because of the
Pro slavery laws snd low land prices
Calhoun supported annexation for the
Expansion of slavery
Solid Whig
Opposition was the reason Texas was not annexed
What did Polk do before being elected president?
He moved to Tennessee where he became a successful lawyer, enter politics early, and served 14 years on Congress and four yearsas speaker of the House. Two years at being governor
Polk was one of the few presidents who
Accomplished all of his major objectives (make USA a large power) and pledged he would serve one term
Abolitionism according to Polk would
Destroy the Union
Polk major objectives were to
Reduce tariffs on imports, reestablish the Independent Treasury, , resolving the Oregon boundary, and acquiring California from Mexico
The Walker Tariff of 1846
Slashed tariff rates
Twice Polk vetoed bills for
Federally funded projects
How dod Mexico react to the annexation?
They felt it as an act of aggression, and dispatched troops to the Rio Grande
The expansionists were willing to have war with Britain over
Oregon
The British government was unwilling to risk war over a
Remote wilderness territory for the profitable trade with the US. Called the Buchanan-Pakenham Traety
Polk ordered several thousand troops under
Zachary Taylor to take up positions in Corpus
Polk’s scheme to provoke an attack
Worked, as Mexican soldiers killed US soldiers
Why was the north opposed to War?
Because they assumed that Polk wanted to expand slavery
Abraham Lincoln did what?
He introduced spot resolutions where he called President Polk to identify the spot where Mexico fired. It might be in Mexico soil.
Why was Winfield Scott scratched from the army?
He quarreled with Polk’s secretary of war
How did Santa Anna return to power?
Polk assured that the US would pay any money from any Mexico territory. Santa Anna was permitted through the American blockade at Veracruz where he rose into power
The Battle of Buena Vista did what?
It was when neither side could take victory. Last major action on the central Mexican front, and Taylor could go home
Winfield Scott’s army went on a
Similar strategy of Cortés and captured Mexico City
Treaty of Guadolope Hildago
Mexico gave up all claims to Texas above Rio Grande, New Mexico, and California
