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APUSH > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
0
Q

Mayans were in central Mexico in

A

300-900

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1
Q

When did Mesoamerican tribes start using agriculture?

A

5000 B.C, sustained more people

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2
Q

The Mayan math was more accurate than

A

European math

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3
Q

Mayans dissipated after

A

Huge drought

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4
Q

The Indians of the pacific nw were

A

Fishermen and woodworkers

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5
Q

Expansion of Europe was caused by

A

New tech and age of discovery

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6
Q

Columbus was born in

A

Italy to a wool weaver

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7
Q

Wanted to sail west because of his

A

Experience on working on ships as a apprentice

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8
Q

Why did the Siberians drift south?

A

Pursuit of large sum animals

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9
Q

Recent studies show that prehistoric humans from Asia crossed the Atlantic Ocean

A

From SW Europe

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10
Q

How many languages were there?

A

400

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11
Q

Contrary to popular beliefs, NAs often

A

Engaged in warfare

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12
Q

The ancient Indians were able to domesticate the

A

Dog and the turkey

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13
Q

What were the Aztecs originally?

A

Nomadic people with a more organized culture

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14
Q

Aztecs were people of

A

Aztlan, Mexican

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15
Q

What were Chinampas?

A

Stuffed a bunch of mud into one source so that they could expand.

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16
Q

Aztecs had a very powerful

A

Military

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17
Q

Made alliances by

A

Intimidating

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18
Q

What was the god of sun/war?

A

Hultzilopochtl

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19
Q

Who was the creator/hero of the Aztecs?

A

Quetzalcoatl

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20
Q

Who was the god of rain and fertility?

A

Tlaloc

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21
Q

Cocoa was turned into

A

An upperclass beverage

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22
Q

What were the flower wars?

A

Scrimmage with their allies to intimidate enemies

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23
Q

Aztec believed that a piece of the sun,

A

Made the heart beat

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24
Q

To control colonies the Spanish pit up

A

Missions

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25
Q

What did Martin Luther believe in?

A

That there was no need for a priest to achieve salvation.

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26
Q

The Adena Hopewell left behind

A

Enormous earthwork and hundreds of elaborate burial mounds shaped like animals

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27
Q

The Adena Hopewell were

A

Hunters

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28
Q

The AH used intricate kinship network to

A

establish social and spiritual alliances

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29
Q

AH also had

A

Elaborate trade network

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30
Q

The Mississippian culture flourished between

A

900 and 1350

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31
Q

MC built substantial towns around

A

Central plazas and temples

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32
Q

MC also had a

A

Specialized government

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33
Q

Mc were also great in

A

Agriculture

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34
Q

Built regional centers in SW, like

A

Cahokia

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35
Q

Cahokia hosted 100s of people in

A

3.000 acres

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36
Q

MC disperse see in

A

1400

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37
Q

Anasazi meant

A

Enemy’s ancestors

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38
Q

The Anasazi society lacked

A

A rigid class structure

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39
Q

The Anasazi dispersed after

A

Migrating Indians of the north threatened the survival of the Anasazi society

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40
Q

The Eastern woodlanders were distinguished by their language:

A

The Algonquain, the Iroquoian, and the Muskogean

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41
Q

Columbus was born in

A

Genoa, Italy

42
Q

Why did Columbus want to sail to the Indies?

A

By the prospect of gaining Asian riches.

43
Q

Persuaded Ferdinand and Isabella to award

A

Him a tenth share of his riches

44
Q

He naked the island off the Bahamas he first encountered

A

San Salvador

45
Q

In Hispaniola, he was introduced to

A

The amount of gold jewelry and tobacco.

46
Q

The news of Columbus’s voyage spread quickly because of the

A

Printing press

47
Q

Columbus and his men would defy the order of

A

Treating the Indians friendly.

48
Q

The Treaty of Tordesillas drew a line

A

Off the Cape Verde islands, which Spanish got the west (except Brazil) and Portugal got the east

49
Q

In the second voyage, there were many

A

Catholic priests on board

50
Q

Amerigo Vespucci is said to have said that

A

America was a new continent

51
Q

Three foods see unknown to Europe:

A

Maize, potatoes, and beans

52
Q

Europeans introduced which foods?

A

Rice, wheat, barley, oats, melons, and many others

53
Q

The foods were more

A

Complementary than competetitve

54
Q

The new foods in turn helped bring the

A

Surplus of people who colonized from the new world

55
Q

What was the most powerful empire in the world during the 16th century?

A

Spain because of its colonies in Europe, America, Africa,mans trading posts in Asia

56
Q

Benefits of the empire came into the expense of the

A

Indians

57
Q

The Caribbean Sea served as

A

A funnel which Spanish power entered the Americas

58
Q

Indians died because of

A

Well armed soldiers and germs

59
Q

The often violent encounter between the Spaniards and Indians involved

A

Contrasting forms of technological development

60
Q

Arrows and Tomohawks were seldom a match for

A

Guns cannons and smallpox

61
Q

Horses provided

A

Greater speed in battle and introduce a psychological advantage

62
Q

To prevent any men from deserting

A

Cortes burned all but one ship

63
Q

The Aztecs were once a

A

Nomadic people who had wandered south from northern Mexico

64
Q

Lake Tetzcoco is where they built

A

Tenochtitlán

65
Q

Aztec gods were aligned with

A

Natural forces (zesty, sea, water, find, and fire)

66
Q

Why was the invasion necessary for Cortés?

A

Because gold was the only thing that could cure his disease (greed)

67
Q

Montezuma was stoned to death because he was a traitor and the Aztecs

A

Attacked the Spaniards

68
Q

Cortés troops included

A

Cubans and thousands of Indians eager to beat the Aztecs

69
Q

Cortés killed off the Aztecs because he

A

Killed them by cutting access to water and letting smallpox to come through

70
Q

What is an encomienda?

A

Favored officers became privileged landowners who controlled Indian villages.

71
Q

Encomenderos?

A

Called upon to take care of the villages and support missionary priests. In turn, Indians provided labor

72
Q

Population change in Indians in 1600s was

A

50 million to 4 million

73
Q

The encomienda gave way to

A

Hacienda (a great farm or ranch) as this became a more important source of wealth

74
Q

The Spanish regulated

A

Every detail of colonial administration

75
Q

Unlike England or France,

A

Spain forget an intense national unity.

76
Q

The influx of gold and silver from the new world financed

A

The growth of the Spanish army as well as causing inflation throughout Europe

77
Q

Who made the earliest exploration known in Florida?

A

Juan Ponce de León

78
Q

What did Hernando de Soto do?

A

He hiked from Florida’s west coast to the Arkansas River, looting and destroying Indian villages

79
Q

Francisco Vásquez de Coronado?

A

Inspired by rumors of gold, traveled from New Mexico to Kansas. Found nothing but has a better understanding of the land

80
Q

The Spanish established Spanish provinces as

A

Defensive buffers, not commercial enterprises

81
Q

French Protestants established

A

France’s first colony on the coast of SC and FL

82
Q

After ten years a mission would be

A

Secularized: its lands would be divided among the converted Indians, the mission chapel would become a church, and e inhabitants would be given Spanish citizenship

83
Q

First center of mission activity was

A

New Mexico

84
Q

Juan de Oñate did what?

A

Took possession of New Mexico, established Santa Fe, and set out expeditions for gold and silver products

85
Q

In 1598 what did the pueblos do?

A

They revolted by lost. The survivors (male and over 25) had their foot cut out, to scare the Indians to behave. Children were forced to take care of a Franciscan mission

86
Q

Spanish moves the capital to

A

Santa Fe in 1608

87
Q

What did Popé do?

A

Led the second pueblo revolt in 1680 and destroyed all relics of Christianity. Took 14 years to reestablish New Mexico

88
Q

Horses did what?

A

Made them travel faster, they were stronger, competed with bison for food

89
Q

What did the central life center on?

A

The Catholic Church

90
Q

Why was the reformation?

A

It was when Protestants challenged the supremacy of the Roman Catholic Church. It started when Martin Luther put on a door of a church the 95 theses in protest against corrupt catholic officials

91
Q

Luther argued that if you attained God’s salvation

A

By receiving God’s grace through the redemptive power of Christ and through a personal relationship with God

92
Q

Luther was expelled from the church and as a result q

A

Religious conflicts erupted, until the price of a nation could determined the religion of hai subjects. Most converted to Lutherism

93
Q

Who was Giovanni de Verrazano?

A

Sent by the French king to look for the passage to Asia. Went all the way to Maine. His second voyage, he died because of the inhabitants

94
Q

Jacques Cartier?

A

Explored Gulf of St. Lawrence, and St. Lawrence River, went as far as Montreal, and established a short lived colony in Quebec

95
Q

French then lost

A

Interest in Canada

96
Q

Spain did not accept Dutch independence until

A

1648

97
Q

What was the Armada!

A

Armada was going to attack England (sent by Phillip II), but was defeated by England’s smaller and more agile ships.

98
Q

Defeat of the Spanish Armada?

A

Marked the beginning of England’s naval supremacy and cleared the way for English colonization in America

99
Q

Sir Humphrey Gilbert tried to colonize parts of Canada for England

A

But got logs and was never seen again

100
Q

Sir Walter Raleigh

A

Discovered Roanoke Island, outer banks of NC.

101
Q

John White sent

A

About one hundred colonists to the new land

102
Q

When White returned

A

The village was abandoned. Most likely to a horrible drought because it was extremely dry.

APUSH (21 decks)

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