Chapter 2 Flashcards
The Magna Carta stated that
The rights of feudal nobles and that people had basic rights, that everyone was equal under the law
England was a
Parliamentary monarch
English liberties inspired a sense of
Personal initiative and entrepreneurial enterprise that spawned prosperity and empire
Joint stock companies were the
Most important organizational innovation in the area, first instruments of British colonization in America
When Queen Elizabeth demised ,
The throne feel to the Stuarts
James IV became
James I of England
Charles I proves to be a more
Stubborn leader and stubborn defender of absolute royal power
King Charles I disbanded
Parliament, levied taxes by decree, and allowed persecution of Puritans
King Charles told Parliament to raise
Taxes on defense of its kingdom
King Charles I was convicted of
Treason and executed
Charles II did what?
Avowed Catholicism, he must rule jointly with Parliament, had opponents murdered or improvised
Because Charles II had a catholic son,
Mary Stuart and William III took office, (Glorious Revolution which enchanted Britian’s power and the Parliament was free from monarchical control
Bill of Rights?
William and Mary gave up the royal right to suspend laws, appoint special courts, keep a standing army, or levy taxes except by Parliament’a consent.
Glorious revolution also
Made the church acknowledge the right of dissenters
King James assigned the Virginia company on an
Explicit religious mission, bring Christian religion to the Indians. However the pious intentions were overshadowed by the thought of profit.
Where was Jamestown!
Near a River with a northwest bend
Why did they experience such hardships?
Because the people were either unfamiliar with farming who gentlemen who hated manual labor. They wanted easy living
In Virginia the Powhaten confederacy were
Agricultural people who grew corn
John Smith?
Rare powers of leadership and self promotion, strict discipline and forced all labor
A new charter replace the inactive counsel with
And all-powerful Gov.
Was the main source of revenue for Virginia
ACCTobacco
The boom of tobacco allowed
Colonists to own their own land
Sir Edmund Sandy introduced
The head right policy, any Englishman who A share in the company and could get to Virginia could have 50 acres on arrival, and 50more for a servants he brought, rights of Englishmen,
In 1622 the Indians
Killed one fourth of the settlers
In 1624 and English court dissolve the Virginian company and Virginia
Became a royal colony
Sir William Berkeley arrived as a royal governor
And presided over the colonies growth for most of the next 35 years
As a results of the flooding of settlers,
The Indians had unwanted social and economic affects
The largest planners brought up the most fertile soil along the coast thereby forcing
Servants to become tenants or claim less fertile land inland
In 1676 Nathaniel bacon defied Gov. Berkley’s authority by assuming
Command of a group of frontier vigilantes.
Rebellion was largely a battle of servants small farmers and even slaves
against Virginia’s wealthiest planters and political leaders
Berkeley oppose Bacons genocidal plan not because he like the Indians but
He wanted to protect the lucrative monopoly over the deerskin trade
For such severity the king denounce Berkeley as a fool
And recalled him to England
The results of Bacon’s rebellion were
Peace treaties with the Indians and wealthy planters became more cooperative with the small farmers
But the rebellion landless whites also convinced many large planters that they
Bringing more African slaves
Maryland was named after
Henrietta Maria
Maryland was the first
Proprietary colony, it was owned by one person Lord Baltimore
Sir George Calvert saw Maryland as a
Refuge for Catholics
Calvert recruited Catholic gentleman as landholders, and
Protestants as indentured servants
The Maryland government dividend into
Gov. and counseling sitting apart
Maryland was allowed to
Make their own laws with the consent of the Freeman
Maryland Prospered quickly because
It’s ability to grow tobacco
The NE were made up a middle-class families that
Could pay their own way across the Atlantic
Most males settlers were
Small farmers merchants seamen or fishermen
New England also attracted more
Women
Most NEs were motivated by
Religious ideas
The Puritans who arrived in America were on a
Divine mission to create a model Christian society living according to God’s Commandments
Puritans demanded that the Anglican Church get rid of
Papist rituals
The Separatists decided
Church of England could not be fixed
The pilgrims built dwellings on the site of
And abandon Indian village
Squanto show the pilgrims how to
Grow corn and catch fish
Plymouth colony had a land grant but no
Charter of government from any English authority. They grew naturally out of the church government
As the colony grew the Gen. Court became
A body of representatives from various towns. (Church members)
The Massachusetts Bay colony was intended to be
A holy Commonwealth bound together by the harmonious worship of God
The Puritans colonize the Massachusetts Bay were
Congregationalists, Who formed self governing churches with membership limited to visible Saints- those could demonstrate receipt of the gift of God’s grace
John Winthrop to use the colony
A refuge Huge for persecuted Puritans
John Winthrop took its charter with them to
Ensure local control
John Winthrop was a great leader because he
Prized stability and order
What was the great migration
It is the transfer of the British colonistsaround the world over the next decade
The transfer of the Massachusetts charter whereby an English trading Company evolved into
A provincial government was unique venture in colonization
Under the royal charter power rested with Massachusetts
General court which elected the governor and the assistance
General Court consisted of
Shareholders call Freeman
In 1634 Freeman turn themselves into a
Representative body called the general court with two or three deputies to represent each town
Over a period of 14 years the Massachusetts Bay Company a trading Corporation
Evolved into the governing body of a holy Commonwealth
Roger Williams believed that one salvation
Depended upon God’s grace not to have churches
And Williamsview a purity of the church required
Separation of church and state and freedom for all matters of faith
Roger Williams lived with
The Narragansetts, where he established the town of Providence
Many Indians either
Resisted European culture and others depended on it
To facilitate the acquisition of fur pelts from the Indians the French and Dutch
Permanent trading outpost along the western frontier and establish” relations with the Indian people
The English wanted to
Foto pursue their God-given right to fishing and farm. they sought to exploit Indians rather than dealing with them
The Indians and settlers Developed a flourishing trade
Exchanging furs for manufactured goods and trinkets
In Maine the Abenakis were
Primarily hunters and gatherers dependent upon the natural offerings of the land and waters
The Indians been able to forge a solid alliance they
They would have better resist the encroachment of white settlers
By the hundreds the Indians died like
Rotten sheep
What was the Pequot war caused by
A peacock murdered a colonist and they took revenge by setting fire to a village
The militia commander who ordered the massacre said that God
Guided his actions
Sassy us then
Organized the survivors and attacked the English. The colonists and they Narrangansett allies killed hundreds of Pequots along the way.
What did the treaty of Hartford say
The Pequot nation would dissolve
How was NC settled?
By Virginia colonies who had drifted southward (Albemarle)
The quickest way to raise capital and early years of South Carolina’s development was
Trade with the Indians
English merchants began to have a
Prosperous trade with the Catawbas
The dependent relationship with Europeans would prove
Disastrous to the Indians traditional way of life
Why did farmers prefer African slaves?
They didn’t often run away
More Indians were exported during than
African slaves imported
The trade in the enslaved Indians triggered bitter
Struggles between tribes gave rise to colonial warfare and spawnef massive internal migration’s across the southern colonies
By 1670 mostly Protestant Dutch
Had the largest merchant fleet in the world in the highest standard of living
Dutch Empire expanded to rapidly they cannot efficiently
Manage their global possessions
The Dutch East Indian company has hired an English captain
Henry Hudson to explore America and hopes to find a northwest passage the spice Rich Indies
New Netherlands was created as a
Profit-making enterprise
The Jews had come to seek
Refuge from brazil
The company disagreed with Stuyvesant, as
Everyone has freedom of religion
The Iroquois’s League fortune alliance so Strong that they outnumber the Dutch and later the English traders,
They were forced to work with the Indians and exporting the lucrative beaver trade
The willful search for furs and captains let Iroquois’s war parties to
To range for what is today eastern North America
The Iroquois maintain the shrew neutrality in the struggle between the two European powers which enable them to play
The British off against the French while creating a thriving fur trade for themselves
Not a single Colony was begun at the direct initiative of thr
Crown
Centralize control imposed by the marks of Spain and France eventually
Hobbled innovation
