Chapter 9 Flashcards
An immovable joint can be fibrous or cartilaginous
Synarthrosis
Joints were two bones interconnect
Articulations
An articulation that permits a small degree of independent movement.
Amphiarthrosis
A freely moveable joint, a synovial joint.
Diarthrosis
Is a synnarthoratic joint located only between the bones of the skull; a fibrous joing between flat bones of the skull.
Suture
A fibrous synarthrosis that binds a tooth to the bone of the jaw.
Gomphosis
Is a rigid, cartilaginous connection between two articulating bones. The ends of the first pair of vertebrosternal ribs and the sternum is a synchondrosis.
Synchondrosis
Is a totally ridge immovable joint created when two bones fuse and the boundary between them disappears.
Synostosis
Bones are connected by a ligament. Is the distal articulation between the tibia and fibula.
Syndesmosis
A fibrous amphiarthrosis, such as that between adjacent vertebrae or between the pubic bones of the coxal bones; The articulating bones are separated by a wedge or pad of fibrous cartilage.
Symphysis
The cartilage pad that covers the surface of a bone inside a joint cavity; reassembles hyaline cartilage.
Articular cartilages
The substnce secreted by synovial membranes that lubricates joints; Resembles interstitial fluid but contains a high concentration of proteoglycans secreted by fibroblasts
Synovial fluid
A fibrous cartilage pad betwen opposing surfaces in a joint; Is a pad of fibrous cartilage situated between opposing bones within a synovial joint
Meniscus
Are localized masses of adipose tissue covered by a layer of synovial membrane
Fat pads
Ligament is stretched to the point at which some collagen fibers are torn
Sprain
A small sack filled with synovial fluid that cushions adjacent structures and reduces function; small, fluid-filled pockets in connective tissue
Bursae
Is a dislocation in the articulating surfaces are forced out of position
Luxation
The damage accompanying a partial dislocation
Subluxation
Two opposing surfaces slide past one another
Gliding
Is movement in the anterior-posterior plane that reduces the angle between the articulating elements
Flexion
Occurs in the same plane but it increases the angle between articulating elements
Extension
A movement at a synovial joint in whcih the distal end of the bone moves in a circular direction, but the shaft dose not rotate; Corresponds to the path your arm when you draw a large circle on a chalk board
Circumduction
Extension past the anatomical position
Hyperextension
Is movement away from the longitudinal axis (midline) of the body in the frontal plane
Abduction
Moven]ment toward the axis or midline of the body; The wrist moves the heel of the hand and fingers toward the body
adduction
The rotation of the forearm that makes the palm face posteriorly; Turns the wrist and hand from palm facing front facing back
pronation
The rotation of the forarm such that the palm faces anteriorly; The forearm is supinated in the anatomical position
supination
Is movement of the thumb toward the surface of the palm or the pads of the other fingers
opposition
Entails moving part of the body anteriorly in the horizontal plane
protraction
Is the twisting of the foot so the soul turns outward; A turning outward
eversion
Is a twisting motion of the foot that turns the soul inward; A turning inward
inversion
Movement posteriorly in the horizontal plane; Is opening your mouth
retraction
Inferior (downaward) movement of a body part; Is an angle that is going downwards
depression
Movement in a super (upward) direction; Is an angle that is increasing
elevation
If the posterior longitudinal ligaments are weekened, the compressed nucleus pulposus may distort the anulus fibrous forcing it partway into the vertebral canal
slipped disc
A condition caused by intervertebral compression severe enough to rupture the anulus fibrosus and release the nucvleul pulposis, which may protrude beyone the intervetebral space; Sensory nerves are distorted and the protruding mass can also compress the nerves passing through the adjacent intervertebral Forman
herniated disc
Partial or complete dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint
shoulder separation
A condition characterized by pain in muscles, tendons, bones, or joints; Is a general term that indicates pain and stiffness affecting the skeletal system
rheumatism
A group of rheumatic diseases that affect synovial joints; Encompasses all the rheumatic disease that affect synovial joints
arthritis
A therapeutic procedure involving the passive movement of an injured joint to stimulate the circulation of synovial fluid; Any injured joint appears to encourage the repair process by improving the circulation of synovial fluid
continuous passive motion
The most common pressure-related bursitis, involving a tender nodule formed around bursae over the base of the great toe; is when your big toe points toward the second toe. This causes a bump to appear on the outside edge of your toe
bunion
