chapter 12

Question 0

a propagated change in the transmembrane potential of excitable cells, initiated by a change in the membrane permeability to sodium ions

Answer 0

action potential

Question 1

the period between the initiation of an action potential and the restoration of the normal resting potential; during this period the membrane will not respond normally to stimulation

Answer 1

refractory period

Question 2

Neuroglia responsible for the neurilemma that surrounds axons in the peripheral nervous system

Answer 2

Schwann cells

Question 3

surrounds neuron cell bodies in ganglia; they regulate the environment around the neurons

Answer 3

Satellite cells

Question 4

phagocytic neuroglia in the central nervous system

Answer 4

microglia

Question 5

central nervous system Neuroglia that maintain cellular organization within grey manner and provide a myelin sheath in the area of white manner

Answer 5

oligodendrocytes

Question 6

one of the four main type of neuroglia in the central nervous system; responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier by the stimulation of endothelial cells

Answer 6

astrocyte

Question 7

cells of the central nerves system and peripheral nervous system that supports and protect neurons; also called glial cells

Answer 7

neuroglia

Question 8

form the efferent division of the PNS; these neurons carry instructions from the CNS to peripheral effects in a peripheral tissue, organ, or organ system.

Answer 8

motor neuron

Question 9

an association neuron; central nervous system neurons that are between sensory and motor neurons

Answer 9

internerouns

Question 10

a chemical compound released by one neuron to affect the transmembrane potential of another

Answer 10

neurotransmitter

Question 11

the cite of communication between a nerve cell and some other cell

Answer 11

Synapse

Question 12

the efferent division of the nervous system that innervates skeletal muscles

Answer 12

somatic nervous system (SNS)

Question 13

centers, nuclei, tracts, ganglia, and nerves involved in the unconscious regulation of visceral functions; includes components of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

Answer 13

automatic nervous system (ANS)

Question 14

a peripheral gland or muscle cell innervated by a motor neuron

Answer 14

effector

Question 15

are sensory structures that either detect changes in the internal environment or respond to the presence of specific stimuli

Answer 15

receptors

Question 16

the elongate extension of a neuron that conducts an action potential

Answer 16

axon

Question 17

all neural tissue outside the central nervous system

Answer 17

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 18

the brain and the spinal cord

Answer 18

central nervous system (CNS)