Chapter 12 Corrected

Question 1

The period between the initiation of an action potential and the restoration of the normal resting potential; during this period, the membrane will not respond normally to stimulation.

Answer 1

Refractory Period

Question 2

A propagated change in the transmembrane potential of excitable cells, initiated by a change in the membrane permeability to sodium ions.

Answer 2

Action Potential

Question 3

Neuroglia responsible for the neurilemma that surrounds axons in the peripheral nervous system.

Answer 3

Schwann Cells

Question 4

Surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia; they regulate the environment around the neurons, much as astrocytes do in the CNS.

Answer 4

Satellite Cells

Question 5

Phagocytic neuroglia in the central nervous system.

Answer 5

Microglia

Question 6

Central nervous system neuroglia that maintain cellular organization within gray matter and provide a myelin sheath in areas of white matter.

Answer 6

Oligodendrocytes

Question 7

One of the four types of neuroglia in the central nervous system; responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier by the stimulation of endothelial cells.

Answer 7

Astrocytes

Question 8

Cells of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system that support and protect neurons; also called glial cells.

Answer 8

Neuroglia

Question 9

Also known as efferent neurons, form the efferent division of the PNS. These neurons carry instructions from the CNS to periphery effectors in a peripheral tissue, organ, or organ system.

Answer 9

Motor Neurons

Question 10

An association neuron; central nervous system neurons that are between sensory and motor neurons.

Answer 10

Interneurons

Question 11

A chemical compound released by one neuron to affect the transmembrane potential of another.

Answer 11

Neurotransmitter

Question 12

The site of communication between a nerve cell and some other cell; if the other cell is not a neuron, the term neuromuscular or neuroglandular junction is often used.

Answer 12

Synapse

Question 13

The efferent division of the nervous system that innervates skeletal muscles.

Answer 13

Somatic Nervous System

Question 14

Centers, nuclei, tracts, ganglia, and nerves involved in the unconscious regulation of visceral functions; includes components of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

Answer 14

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 15

A peripheral gland or muscle cell innervated by a motor neuron.

Answer 15

Effectors

Question 16

Sensory structures that either detect changes in the internal environment or respond to the presence of specific stimuli.

Answer 16

Receptors

Question 17

The elongated extension of a neuron that conducts an action potential.

Answer 17

Axons

Question 18

All neural tissue outside the central nervous system.

Answer 18

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 19

The brain and spinal cord.

Answer 19

Central Nervous System

Question 20

A compound found in tobacco that binds to specific ACh receptor sites and stimulates the synaptic membrane.

Answer 20

Nicotine

Question 21

A fatal disease caused by a virus that reaches the CNS via retrograde flow along peripheral axons.

Answer 21

Rabies

Question 22

A compound that disrupts normal nervous system function by interfering with the generation or propagation of action potentials.

Answer 22

Neurotoxin

Question 23

A genetic abnormality involving the metabolism of gangliosides, important components of neuron plasma membranes.

Answer 23

Tay-Sachs Disease

Question 24

Neuromodulators, produced in the central nervous system, that inhibit activity along pain pathways. Neuropeptides produced in the brain and spinal cord that appear to relieve pain and affect mood.

Answer 24

Endorphins