Chapter 5

Question 1

The Skin.

Answer 1

Integument

Question 2

The epithelium covering the surface of the skin.

Answer 2

Epidermis

Question 3

The connective tissue layer beneath the epidermis of the skin.

Answer 3

Dermis

Question 4

Covers most of the body surface, contains four layers of keratinocytes, and is about as thick as the wall of a plastic sandwich bag.

Answer 4

Thin Skin

Question 5

Occurs on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, contains a fifth layer, stratum lucid, and because it has a much thicker superficial layer it is about as thick as a standard paper towel.

Answer 5

Thick Skin

Question 6

A tough, fibrous protein that is the basic structural component of hair and nails in humans.

Answer 6

Keratin

Question 7

Formed by stratum germinativum which extend into the dermis and are adjacent to dermal projections called dermal papillae (fingerprints)

Answer 7

Epidermal Ridges

Question 8

A specialized cell in the deeper layers of the stratified squamous epithelium of the skin; responsible for the production of melanin.

Answer 8

Melanocytes

Question 9

The yellow-brown pigment produced by the melanocytes of the skin.

Answer 9

Melanin

Question 10

A bluish coloration of the skin due to the presence of deoxygenated blood in vessels near the body surface.

Answer 10

Cyanosis

Question 11

One of the peptide growth factors, has widespread effects on epithelia throughout the body, it is produced by the salivary glands and glands of the duodenum.

Answer 11

Epidermal Growth Factor

Question 12

Consists of aerolar tissue, contains the capillaries, lymphatics, and sensory neurons that supply the surface of the skin.

Answer 12

Papillary Layer

Question 13

Deep to the papillary layer, consists of an interwoven meshwork of dense irregular connective tissue containing both collagen and elastic fibers.

Answer 13

Reticular Layer

Question 14

The extensive distortion of the dermis that occurs over the abdomen during pregnancy or after substantial weight gain can exceed the elastic limits of the skin. This damage prevents the dermis from recoiling to its original size and leaves wrinkles and creases, creating _____.

Answer 14

Stretch Marks

Question 15

The layer of loose connective tissue below the dermis; subcutaneous layer.

Answer 15

Hypodermis

Question 16

An accessory structure of the integument; a tube lined by a stratified squamous epithelium that begins at the surface of the skin and ends at the hair papilla.

Answer 16

Hair Follicles

Question 17

The portion that anchors the hair into the skin.

Answer 17

Root

Question 18

The part of hair which we see on the surface, extends from the halfway point to the exposed tip of the hair.

Answer 18

Shaft

Question 19

The layer of dead, keratinized cells that surrounds the shaft of hair.

Answer 19

Cuticle

Question 20

Smooth muscles whose contractions force hairs to stand erect.

Answer 20

Arrector Pili

Question 21

Glands that secrete sebum; normally associated with hair follicles.

Answer 21

Sebaceous Gland

Question 22

A waxy secretion that coats the surfaces of hairs.

Answer 22

Sebum

Question 23

Found in the armpits, around the nipples, and in the pubic region; these secrete their products into hair follicles.

Answer 23

Apocrine Sweat Glands

Question 24

Milk-producing glands of the female breast.

Answer 24

Mammary Glands

Question 25

The visible portion of the nail.

Answer 25

Nail Body

Question 26

an area of the epidermis covered by the nail body.

Answer 26

Nail Bed

Question 27

A blod clot that forms at the surface and temporarily restores the integrity of the epidermis and restricts the entry of additional microorganisms into the area.

Answer 27

Scab

Question 28

The thick, collagenous tissue that forms at an injury site.

Answer 28

Scar Tissue