Chapter 5 Flashcards
The Skin.
Integument
The epithelium covering the surface of the skin.
Epidermis
The connective tissue layer beneath the epidermis of the skin.
Dermis
Covers most of the body surface, contains four layers of keratinocytes, and is about as thick as the wall of a plastic sandwich bag.
Thin Skin
Occurs on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, contains a fifth layer, stratum lucid, and because it has a much thicker superficial layer it is about as thick as a standard paper towel.
Thick Skin
A tough, fibrous protein that is the basic structural component of hair and nails in humans.
Keratin
Formed by stratum germinativum which extend into the dermis and are adjacent to dermal projections called dermal papillae (fingerprints)
Epidermal Ridges
A specialized cell in the deeper layers of the stratified squamous epithelium of the skin; responsible for the production of melanin.
Melanocytes
The yellow-brown pigment produced by the melanocytes of the skin.
Melanin
A bluish coloration of the skin due to the presence of deoxygenated blood in vessels near the body surface.
Cyanosis
One of the peptide growth factors, has widespread effects on epithelia throughout the body, it is produced by the salivary glands and glands of the duodenum.
Epidermal Growth Factor
Consists of aerolar tissue, contains the capillaries, lymphatics, and sensory neurons that supply the surface of the skin.
Papillary Layer
Deep to the papillary layer, consists of an interwoven meshwork of dense irregular connective tissue containing both collagen and elastic fibers.
Reticular Layer
The extensive distortion of the dermis that occurs over the abdomen during pregnancy or after substantial weight gain can exceed the elastic limits of the skin. This damage prevents the dermis from recoiling to its original size and leaves wrinkles and creases, creating _____.
Stretch Marks
The layer of loose connective tissue below the dermis; subcutaneous layer.
Hypodermis
An accessory structure of the integument; a tube lined by a stratified squamous epithelium that begins at the surface of the skin and ends at the hair papilla.
Hair Follicles
The portion that anchors the hair into the skin.
Root
The part of hair which we see on the surface, extends from the halfway point to the exposed tip of the hair.
Shaft
The layer of dead, keratinized cells that surrounds the shaft of hair.
Cuticle
Smooth muscles whose contractions force hairs to stand erect.
Arrector Pili
Glands that secrete sebum; normally associated with hair follicles.
Sebaceous Gland
A waxy secretion that coats the surfaces of hairs.
Sebum
Found in the armpits, around the nipples, and in the pubic region; these secrete their products into hair follicles.
Apocrine Sweat Glands
Milk-producing glands of the female breast.
Mammary Glands
The visible portion of the nail.
Nail Body
an area of the epidermis covered by the nail body.
Nail Bed
A blod clot that forms at the surface and temporarily restores the integrity of the epidermis and restricts the entry of additional microorganisms into the area.
Scab
The thick, collagenous tissue that forms at an injury site.
Scar Tissue
