Ch10 Flashcards
A connective tissue partition that separates adjacent fasciculi in a skeletal muscle.
Perimysium
A dense layer of collagen fibers that surrounds a skeletal muscle and is continuous with the tendons/aponeuroses of the muscle and with the perimysium.
Epimysium
A small bundle; usually refers to a collection of nerve axons or muscle fibers.
Fascicle
A delicate network of connective tissue fibers that surrounds individual muscle cells.
Endomysium
Byronic stem cells that function in the repair of damaged muscle tissue
Myosatellite Cells
A collagenous band that connects a skeletal muscle to an element of the skeleton.
Tendon
A broad tendinous sheet that may serve as the origin or insertion of a skeletal muscle.
Aponeurosis
The plasma membrane of a muscle cell.
Sarcolemma
The cytoplasm of a muscle cell.
Sarcoplasm
The transverse, tubular extensions of the sarcolemma that extend deep into the sarcoplasm, contacting cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Transverse tubules
Organized collections of myofilaaments in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells.
myofibrils
A cytoskeletal filament in a skeletal or cardiac muscle cell; consists of actin, troponin, and tropomyosin.
Thin filaments
A cytoskeletal filament in a skeletal or cardiac muscle cell; composed of myosin with a core of titin.
Thick filament
A myosin head that projects from the surface of a thick filament and that can bind to an active site of a thin filament in the presence of calcium ions.
Cross bridge
A synapse between a neuron and a muscle cell.
Neuromuscular junction
A single stimulus contraction relaxation cycle in a skeletal muscle.
Twitch
If tension rises in stages like the steps in a staircase; if a skeletal muscle is stimulated a second time immediately after the relaxation phase has ended, the resulting contraction will develop a slightly higer maximum tension.
Treppe
Occurs when higher stimulant frequency eliminates the relaxation phase
Complete tetanus
the muscle as a whole does not change length and the tension produces never exceeds the load
isometric contractions
tension rises and the skeleton muscles length changes
isotonic contraction
The smallest contractile unit of a striated muscle cell.
Sarcomeres
A propagated change in the transmembrane potential of excitable cells, initiated by a change in the membrane permeability to sodium ions.
Action Potential
A narrow space, separates the synaptic terminal of the neuron from the opposing sarcolemmal surface.
Synaptic Cleft
A chemical neurotransmitter in the brain and peripheral nervous system.
Acetylcholine
A high-energy compound in muscle cells; during muscle activity, the phosphate group is donate to ADP, regenerating ATP.
Creatine Phosphate
The complete breakdown of organic substrates into carbon dioxide and water, via pyruvic acid; a process that yields large amounts of ATP but requires mitochondria and oxygen.
Aerobic Metabolsim
Without oxygen; The anaerobic cytoplasmic breakdown of glucose into lactic acid by way of pyruvic acid, with a net gain of two ATP molecules.
Anaerobic Process/Glycolysis
A compound produced from pyruvic acid under anaerobic conditions.
Lactic Acid
The conditions in muscle fibers are returned to normal, preexertion levels.
Recovery Period
The amount of oxygen required to restore normal, preexertion conditions.
Oxygen Debt
Also called cardiocytes or cardiac myocytes, are found only in the heart.
Cardiac Muscle Cells
Regions where adjacent cardiocytes interlock and where gap junctions permit electrical coupling between the cells.
Intercalated discs
Muscle tissue in the walls of manny visceral organs; characterized as nonstriated, involuntary muscle.
Smooth Muscle tissue
Muscle tissue within the heart. contracts without neural stimulation.
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
