Chapter 13 Flashcards
A series of specialized membrane surrounding the spinal cord provided the necessary physical stability and shock absorption
Spinal meninges
The fora men magnum of the skull the spinal meninges are continuous
Cranial meninges
The layer that forms the outermost covering of the spinal cord
Dura mater
A region that contains areolar tissue, blood vessels, and a protective padding of adipose tissue
Epidural space
Acts as a shock absorber and a diffusion medium for dissolved gasses, nutrients, chemical messengers, and waste products.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CFS)
Consists of a mesh work of elastic and collagen fibers that is firmly bound to the underlying neural tissue
Pia mater
Outermost layer’ consists of a dense network of collagen fibers
Epineurium
The middle layer extend inward from the epineurium these connective partitions divide the nerve into a series of compartments that contains bundles of axons
Perineurium
The inner most layer extend from the perineurium and surround individuals axons
Endometrium
Typically proximal to the white ramus together they are know as the rami communication
Gray ramus
Postganglionic fibers that innervates smooth muscles,glands,and organs,in the thoracic cavity extend directly from the ganglion to their respective effectors organs
White ramus
Adjacent spinal nerves blend their fibers producing a series of compound nerve trucks, such a complex interwoven network of nerves
Nerve plexus
Functional groups of interconnected neurons
Neural pool
Results from the connections that form between neurons during development
Innate reflexes
More complex learned motor patterns
Acquired reflexes
Provides a mechanism for the involuntary control of the muscular system
Somatic reflexes
Autonomic reflexes, control the activities of the other system
Visceral reflexes
An enhancement of spinal reflexes
Reinforcement
A spinal reflex in infants consisting of a fanning of the toes in responses to stroking the sole of the foot
Basin ski sign
The injection of anesthetic into the epidural space to eliminate sensory and motor innervation via spinal nerves in the area of injection
Epidural block
Inflammation of the meninges involving either the spinal cord or the brain generally caused by bacterial or viral pathogens
Meningitis
Regional losses of sensory and motor function as a result of nerve trauma disease or compression
Nerve palsies
Paralysis involving a loss of motor control of the lower but not the upper limbs
Paraplegia
A spinal reflex resulting from the stimulation of strength receptors in the quadriceps muscles
Patellar reflex
A spinal reflex in adults consisting of a curling of the toes in response to stroking the side of the foot sole
Plantar reflex
Paralysis involving the loss of sensation and motor control of the upper and lower limbs
Quadriplegia
A contrition caused by the infection of neurons in dorsal root ganglia by the varicella-zoster the primary sign is a painful rash along the sensory distribution of the affected spinal nerve
Shingles
A procedure in which cerebrospinal fluid is removed from the subarachnoid space through a needle, generally inserted between the lumbar vertebrae
Spinal tap
A spinal tap performed between adjacent lumbar vertebrae inferior to the conus medullaris
Lumbar puncture
