Chapter 14 Corrected Flashcards
The largest portion of the brain, composed of the cerebral hemispheres, includes the cerebral cortex, the basal nuclei, and the internal capsule.
Cerebrum
The posterior portion of the mesencephalon, containing the cerebellar hemispheres, includes the arbor vitae, cerebellar nuclei, and cerebellar cortex.
Cerebellum
The portion of the metencephalon that is anterior to the cerebellum.
Pons
The most caudal of the brain regions, also called the myelencephalon.
Medulla Oblongata
A division of the brain that includes the epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus.
Diencephalon
The midbrain; the region between the diencephalon and pons.
Mesencephalon
A fluid-filled chamber; in the heart, one of the large chambers discharging blood into the pulmonary or systemic circuits; in the brain, one of four fluid-filled interior chambers.
Ventricles
The isolation of the central nervous system from the general circulation; primarily the result of astrocyte regulation of capillary permeabilities.
Blood-Brain Barrier
The floor of the diencephalon; the region of the brain containing centers involved with the subconscious regulation of visceral functions, emotions, drives, and the coordination of neural and endocrine function.
Hypothalamus
A pair of expanded portions of the cerebrum covered in neural cortex.
Cerebellar Hemispheres
The nerve fiber bundles on the ventrolateral surfaces of the mesencephalon.
Cerebellar Peduncles
The group of nuclei and centers in the cerebrum and diencephalon that are involved with emotional states, memories, and behavioral drives.
Limbic System
A prominent fold or ridge of neural cortex on the surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres.
Gyri
A groove or furrow.
Sulci
An elongated groove or opening.
Fissures
Some of the neurons in the general interpretive area innervate here, also called the Broca area or the motor speech area. this center lies along the edge of the premotor cortex in the same hemisphere as the general interpretive area.
Speech Center
A printed record of the brain’s electrical activity over time.
Electroencephalogram
The first pair of cranial nerves, carry special sensory information responsible for the sense of smell.
Olfactory Nerves
The second cranial nerve, which carries signals from the retina of the eye to the optic chiasm.
Optic Nerves
Cranial nerve III, which controls the extra-ocular muscles other than the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles.
Oculomotor Nerves
Cranial nerve IV, controlling the superior oblique muscle of the eye.
Trochlear Nerves
Cranial Nerve V, which provides sensory information from the lower portions of the face (including the upper and lower jaws) and delivers motor commands to the muscles of mastication.
Trigeminal Nerves
Cranial nerve VI, which innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye.
Abducens Nerves
Are mixed nerves. The cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in the geniculate ganglia, and the motor nuclei are in the pons.
Facial Nerves
Are also known as the acoustic nerves, the auditory nerves, and the state-acoustic nerves.
Vestibulocochlear Nerves
Cranial nerve IX. Innervates the tongue and pharynx.
Glossopharyngeal Nerves
Arise immediately posterior to the attachment of the glossopharyngeal nerves.
Vagus Nerves
Leaves the cranium through the hypoglossal canal; the nerve then curves to reach the skeletal muscles of the tongue.
Hypoglossal Nerves
