chapter 9 Flashcards
what are the layers of the brain (superficial to deep)
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
where is cerebrospinal fluid
in cerebroventricels
what is the blood brain barrier
capillaries in the brain but there are tight junctions so things can’t go in and out (astrocytes help support tight junctions)
what is in grey matter vs white matter
grey matter has cell body, dendrites, synapse, axon hyliocks and unmylined axons (around outside of brain)
white matter only has militated axons
(deep in brain)
what do these control (c2, t4, t10, L1, L5)
- C2- back of head and under the chin
- T4- level of nipples and around back
- T10- level of the bellybutton and around back
- L1- ingulnal ligament and around back
- L5- front of leg (shin), top of foot, and then around to top of butt
what is the dorsal horn and dorsal roots
on the back, horn is the area of grey matter, root is where spinal nerve spilt into two
whats ventral horns and roots
on front
whats the difference between ascending tracts and descending tracts
Ascending tracts- go up to the brain
Descending tracts- goes away from the brain
whats the difference between Ipsilateral and Contralateral signals
- Ipsilateral- signals are going to be sent from the same side its on
- Contralateral- singals are going to be sent from the opposite side
what are the 4 lobes and what are they in charge of
- frontal- personality, speech, volunatry movement
- parietal- recives singals about sensation and figures out what it is
- temporal- recviving and interprets hearing, and smell, limbic system is emotions
- occipital- recives and interperats vision
what’s the central sulcus
divides frontal and parietal lobes
whats homunculus
areas mapped according to function, more space the more we send or recive signals
whats the difference between primary motor cortex and primary somatosensory cortex
primary motor cortex
- right in front of cental sulcus, this is voluntary movement
primary somatosensory cortex
- right behind cental sulcus, receives all sensations
whats the Basal nuclei
deep areas of grey matter in brain
it inhibits unwanted movement, helps with purposeful movemnts, and postural support
whats the Diencephalon
center of brain (thalamus, hypothalamus)
what does the hypothalamus and thalamus do
thalamus
- sensory information goes here first the goes to other parts of brain
hypothalamus
- food and water intake, thermoregulation, circadian rhytms (maintains homostasis)
what does the Cerebellum do
corridation and balance, eye to hand coordiantion
what does the Brainstem do
controls basic life functions
where is the medulla oblongata and what does it do
in brain stem and heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate
what does the Limbic system do
helps memory, learning, behavoir, emotions
what is the Reflex arc
sensory receptor –> Afferent neurons –> CNS –> efferent neurons –> effector organ
whats a Interneuron
connect afferent to efferent neurons (in CNS)
whats the difference between Muscle spindle stretch and withdrawal reflex
Muscle spindle stretch reflex
- when doctor hits knee
Withdrawal reflex
- stepping on something sharp, leg will pull away
whats Crossed-extensor reflex
when you step on something sharp the other leg to extend so you don’t fall down
what waves are in each stage of sleep
Alert
- beta waves
Awake (resting)
- alpha waves
Sleep stages
2-K-complex
3-Delta waves
4-Coordinated delta waves
REM- beta waves
