chapter 10 Flashcards
whats Visceral afferent
information from internal environment
whats the difference between Somesthetic and Proprioception
Somesthetic = sensations of the skin (touch, vibration, pressure, temp.) Proprioception = position of body
whats the Special sensory system
vision, hearing, equilibrium, olfaction and gustation
what do each of these receptors do (Photoreceptors, chemoreceptors, nociceptor, thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors)
- Photoreceptors – respond to light
- chemoreceptors – respond to dissolved chemical
- nociceptor – a type of chemoreceptor that responds to chemicals released when there is tissue damage and relays pain signals
- thermoreceptors – respond to changes in temperature
- mechanoreceptors – respond to mechanical stimulus (stretch/deformation)
whats Sensory transduction
converting stimulus into electrical energy (action potential)
what are the different Sensory pathways and what do they do
- Labelled lines- specific neural pathways transmitting info of a specifc modality
- Sensory unit- one afferent neuron with all receptors of the same type
- Receptive field- area that triggers an action potential
what is Sensory coding (frequency coding)
Increase in stimulus intensity causes increased frequency of action potentials.
Frequency of action potentials is then interpreted in the brain as a stronger stimulus.
what are the these receptors and what do they do (free nerve ending, Merkels’ disk, Ruffini’s ending, Meissner’s corpuscle, Pacinian corpuscl, hair follicle receptor)
- free nerve ending (mechanoreceptor, thermoreceptor, nociceptor)- superfical, light touch
- Merkels’ disk- superfical, pressure
- Ruffini’s ending- deep, pressure
- Meissner’s corpuscle- superfical, vibration
- Pacinian corpuscl- deep, vibration
- hair follicle receptor- movement of hair
what are the difference pain pathways and what fibers
- Fast pain- A-delta fibers, sharp pricking sensation, easily localized
- Slow pain- C fibers, dull aching, poorly localized
whats the difference between referred pain and Phantom pain
- referred- pain of the wrong thing
- Phantom pain- pain or itching of a limb that isn’t there
what is accommodation in the eye
when we change the curvature of the lens to foucus the eye
will the lens get bigger or smaller to focus close or far and what will help make the lens bigger or smaller
lens gets bigger for close things and flatter for far away and ciliary muscle and zonular fibers will flat and big the lens
what will the radial and circular muscle do
- radial muscle- will make pupil bigger if contacts
- circular muscle- will make pupil smaller if it contacts
what protein is in rods and what is in the protein and what does it break down
rhodopsin is protein in membrane and it has reitnal in it. It is a G-protein and it breaks down cGMP
what is Phototransduction
turning light into electrical signals
what are the Neural pathways for vision
left visual field will be on the right side of the occipital lobe right will be on the left. Medial nerve will cross over to the other side
what is the organ of Corti
organ telling us about the waves
what are the names of the membranes hair cells are in and where are they
- basilar membrane- base for hair cells
- tectorial membrane- setrocilia embedded in the tectorial membrane
how does the way stereo cilia bend effect action potential
- if it bends to the tall side it bends the more machenical potasium channels open which will make a action potentail
- if it bends to the short side its closes some gates and so less transmitter
what do the semicircular canals do
tell you about the motion of the head
what are the cupula and ampula
cupula- The cupula is a gel-like structure inside the ampulla
ampula- Inside each ampulla, there are sensory cells that can detect movement in the fluid within the semicircular canals.
what do the utricle and saccule do
it helps with portion of head in relation to gravity
utricle is horizontal movement while saccule is vertical movement
